Sound Design of Guqin Culture: Interactive Art Promotes the Sustainable Development of Traditional Culture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Works
2.1. Public Art Design and Sound Interaction
2.2. Contemporary Social Orientation of Guqin Culture
2.3. Research Framework
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Conceptual Design of the Interactive Installation
- For the “Feeling” level, we attributed the basic element of the Guqin to the sound of the Guqin instrument. When interacting with the installation, the most direct feedback received from the installation was the sound emitted by the installation. Therefore, we set up the installation to emit a specific musical sound from the Guqin when the sensor in the installation received a corresponding signal. This was the simplest form of interaction. In addition, the shape of the installation was designed to look similar to that of a Guqin in order to intuitively reflect the Guqin element.
- For the “Creation” level, we set the interaction to be triggered by specific actions (e.g., blowing, pulling, plucking, tapping, clapping, shaking, etc.) and the feedback of the interaction to be Guqin sounds. Because each participant interacted with the installation differently, attributes such as the amplitude and pitch of the sound were also different, making each piece of music unique and unrepeatable. This makes the installation more interesting and more likely to resonate with others. For example, participants could discuss the creation of a particular piece of music with each other. We also hoped that the participants would take the initiative to understand the Jianzi notation during the creation process. Therefore, we added elements of Jianzi notation in the body of the installation so that the participants would pay attention on the Guqin-related cultural elements during the experience.
- For the “Share” level, we wanted the interactive installation to encourage participants to spontaneously record and share the “Feeling” and “Creation” experience. Participants could feel specific emotions during the experience and then share the recorded sound and his/her feelings with other participants through the Internet. The interactive scene could also attract potential participants within the same environment. Participants in this session would allow the cultural connotation of the Guqin to be spread.
3.2. Prototype of Interactive Installation
- For the “Feeling” level, participants could listen to Guqin sound emitted by the interactive installation.
- For the “Creation” level, participants were free to create Guqin music. The infrared distance sensor detected the participant’s behavior by detecting the distance between the sensor itself and the participant’s finger. Since Guqin sound is divided into five scales, i.e., “gong”, “shang”, “jiao”, “zhi”, and “yu”, we used five infrared distance sensors corresponding to the five scales and recorded three different tones for each scale. That is, a total of 15 tones were pre-stored in the MP3 module. When the participants waved their fingers, the Arduino board controlled the speakers to emit continuous Guqin sounds of different tones based on the distance signals that were constantly being received. Therefore, the installation realized the “stringless playing” method.
- For the “Share” level, we surveyed whether the participants would take out their mobile phones to take photos and videos and share the Guqin music that they composed themselves and the creative experience with others to spread Guqin culture.
3.3. Evaluation Methods
- Pragmatic quality (PQ): When using the product or software, action objectives should be provided by useful and usable functions.
- Hedonic quality identity (HQ-S): This category focuses on the need to improve one’s own knowledge and skills as well as natural curiosity.
- Hedonic quality stimulation (HQ-I): This includes the communication of other relevant self-serving messages.
- Attractiveness (ATT): This is the global positive or negative evaluation of a product or software, such as whether it is good or bad.
3.4. Experiment and Procedure
4. Results
4.1. Evaluation of Guqin Interactive Installation
4.2. Comparative Analysis of Experience
4.3. Validation Analysis of the Design Model
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Implications
5.2. Practical Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Item |
---|---|
Feeling: Listening and Perception (Physical and Tangible) | 1. I often hear Guqin music in my life. |
2. I often come into contact with Guqin-related elements in my life. | |
Creation: Experience and Socialization (Practical and Behavioral) | 3. I understand the appearance and types of Guqin. |
4. I understand the Guqin music notation (letter notation, Jianzi notation). | |
5. I understand how to play the Guqin. | |
6. I understand the fingering of the Guqin. | |
Share: Emotions and Reflections (Metaphysical and Intangible) | 7. I like listening to the music played by the Guqin. |
8. I often listen to the music played by traditional Chinese musical instruments in my life. | |
9. I would like to share the music I hear played on traditional Chinese musical instruments with others. | |
10. I think the cultural and spiritual connotations of traditional Chinese musical instruments (and the music they play) appeal to me. | |
11. If there is a chance, I would like to experience an interactive installation based on the traditional Guqin. |
Group | Item | Average Value | Standard Deviation | F | p | Item | Average Value | Standard Deviation | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | 2.70 | 1.33 | 1.549 | 0.216 | 7 | 3.55 | 1.36 | 3.891 | 0.022 * |
B | 2.89 | 1.48 | 4.16 | 1.15 | ||||||
C | 2.45 | 0.63 | 3.77 | 1.03 | ||||||
A | 2 | 2.48 | 1.17 | 1.704 | 0.185 | 8 | 3.24 | 1.43 | 1.586 | 0.208 |
B | 2.84 | 1.49 | 3.70 | 1.66 | ||||||
C | 2.45 | 0.97 | 3.43 | 1.20 | ||||||
A | 3 | 2.28 | 1.25 | 17.036 | 0.000 ** | 9 | 3.45 | 1.16 | 8.699 | 0.000 ** |
B | 3.40 | 1.07 | 4.33 | 1.12 | ||||||
C | 2.39 | 1.04 | 3.84 | 1.27 | ||||||
A | 4 | 1.85 | 1.02 | 3.656 | 0.028 * | 10 | 3.90 | 1.13 | 4.809 | 0.009 ** |
B | 2.32 | 1.18 | 4.54 | 1.14 | ||||||
C | 1.91 | 0.71 | 4.05 | 1.35 | ||||||
A | 5 | 2.34 | 1.23 | 8.680 | 0.000 ** | 11 | 4.04 | 1.25 | 4.526 | 0.012 * |
B | 3.16 | 1.11 | 4.68 | 1.00 | ||||||
C | 2.43 | 1.09 | 4.23 | 1.34 | ||||||
A | 6 | 1.84 | 0.98 | 28.961 | 0.000 ** | Total Score | 31.67 | 9.56 | 12.339 | 0.000 ** |
B | 3.32 | 1.18 | 39.35 | 8.93 | ||||||
C | 2.30 | 1.13 | 33.20 | 7.64 |
Contrast Groups | Item | Average Difference | p | Item | Average Difference | p | Item | Average Difference | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A–B | 1 | −0.193 | 0.391 | 5 | −0.815 | 0.000 ** | 9 | −0.886 | 0.000 ** |
A–C | 0.247 | 0.309 | −0.089 | 0.693 | −0.393 | 0.087 | |||
B–C | 0.440 | 0.080 | 0.726 | 0.002 ** | 0.492 | 0.039 * | |||
A–B | 2 | −0.364 | 0.106 | 6 | −1.480 | 0.000 ** | 10 | −0.648 | 0.003 ** |
A–C | 0.023 | 0.924 | −0.460 | 0.031 * | −0.150 | 0.518 | |||
B–C | 0.388 | 0.122 | 1.020 | 0.000 ** | 0.498 | 0.039 * | |||
A–B | 3 | −1.120 | 0.000 ** | 7 | −0.606 | 0.006 ** | 11 | −0.639 | 0.004 ** |
A–C | −0.103 | 0.642 | −0.220 | 0.349 | −0.183 | 0.434 | |||
B–C | 1.017 | 0.000 ** | 0.385 | 0.115 | 0.457 | 0.059 | |||
A–B | 4 | −0.465 | 0.012 * | 8 | −0.463 | 0.080 | Total Score | −7.679 | 0.000 ** |
A–C | −0.058 | 0.766 | −0.148 | 0.603 | −1.533 | 0.375 | |||
B–C | 0.407 | 0.047 * | 0.315 | 0.282 | 6.146 | 0.001 ** |
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | 0.881 | ||
Factor 2 | 0.490 | 0.795 | |
Factor 3 | 0.553 | 0.457 | 0.757 |
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Shen, D.; Guo, H.; Yu, L.; Ying, J.; Shen, J.; Ying, S.; Bao, D.; Wang, Y. Sound Design of Guqin Culture: Interactive Art Promotes the Sustainable Development of Traditional Culture. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042356
Shen D, Guo H, Yu L, Ying J, Shen J, Ying S, Bao D, Wang Y. Sound Design of Guqin Culture: Interactive Art Promotes the Sustainable Development of Traditional Culture. Sustainability. 2022; 14(4):2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042356
Chicago/Turabian StyleShen, Danni, Herui Guo, Linghui Yu, Jie Ying, Jie Shen, Shuchen Ying, Defu Bao, and Ying Wang. 2022. "Sound Design of Guqin Culture: Interactive Art Promotes the Sustainable Development of Traditional Culture" Sustainability 14, no. 4: 2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042356
APA StyleShen, D., Guo, H., Yu, L., Ying, J., Shen, J., Ying, S., Bao, D., & Wang, Y. (2022). Sound Design of Guqin Culture: Interactive Art Promotes the Sustainable Development of Traditional Culture. Sustainability, 14(4), 2356. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042356