A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students

Park, Hongseok; Lee, Jeong-Mi; Koo, Sohee; Chung, So-Youn; Lee, Seongki; Cho, Young Il

doi:10.3390/su142416456

Open AccessArticle

A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students

by

Hongseok Park

^1,†

,

Jeong-Mi Lee

^2,†

,

Sohee Koo

³,

So-Youn Chung

⁴

,

Seongki Lee

⁵ and

Young Il Cho

^4,*

¹

Department of Counselling Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul 02450, Republic of Korea

²

Department of Counseling Psychology, Seoul Graduate School of Counselling Psychology, Seoul 03136, Republic of Korea

³

Vision Department, LS ELECTRIC, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea

⁴

Division of Police Administration, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea

⁵

College of Law, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16456; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416456

Submission received: 20 October 2022 / Revised: 30 November 2022 / Accepted: 6 December 2022 / Published: 8 December 2022

(This article belongs to the Section Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the best model fit among the six models in the Korean version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (K-PANAS). Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the dimensional structure of this schedule for Korean college students. Specifically, the model fitness of six models, which are under debate, were compared: a single model for K-PANAS, a two-factor model (PA&NA) without any factor correlation, a three-factor model (PA, NA-Afraid, NA-Upset), a two-factor bifactor model, a three-factor bifactor model, and a three-factor bifactor model with error correlation. A total of 875 samples were analyzed, and the results show that best model fit is the three-factor bifactor model with error correlation. We named the general factor of the bifactor model “activation (or arousal).” This findings of this study will provide a richer explanation of emotions for researchers analyzing emotional activation (or arousal), a general factor of emotion, PA, and NA future studies that use PANAS.

Keywords: PANAS; affect; bifactor model; general factor; emotional arousal; recidivism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, H.; Lee, J.-M.; Koo, S.; Chung, S.-Y.; Lee, S.; Cho, Y.I. A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416456

AMA Style

Park H, Lee J-M, Koo S, Chung S-Y, Lee S, Cho YI. A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students. Sustainability. 2022; 14(24):16456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416456

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Hongseok, Jeong-Mi Lee, Sohee Koo, So-Youn Chung, Seongki Lee, and Young Il Cho. 2022. "A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students" Sustainability 14, no. 24: 16456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416456

APA Style

Park, H., Lee, J.-M., Koo, S., Chung, S.-Y., Lee, S., & Cho, Y. I. (2022). A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students. Sustainability, 14(24), 16456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416456

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students

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