Can Adult Education Boost Sustainability Transitions? Some Evidence from Farmers and Teachers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Adult Education: What Is It and Why Does It Matter for Sustainability Transitions?
3. Methods
3.1. Participants and Procedure
3.2. Measures
3.3. Data Analysis Plan
4. Results
4.1. Preliminary Analyses
4.2. Main Analysis
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- -
- The AEPs to which farmers participated, according to their answers, were the following:
- -
- Sustainable crop protection (n = 5)
- -
- Sustainable farm management (n = 3)
- -
- Rational use of natural resources (n = 2)
- -
- Sustainable farming techniques (n = 1)
- -
- The AEPs mentioned by teachers were:
- -
- Teaching sustainability (n = 7)
- -
- Education for sustainability and new technologies (n = 5)
- -
- Teaching techniques in education for sustainability (n = 3)
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Construct | Items | Eigenvalue | Explained Variance |
---|---|---|---|
Awareness |
| 2.52 | 62.99% |
Values |
| 2.86 | 71.58% |
Empathy |
| 2.28 | 75.89% |
Awareness | Values | Empathy | Action | Mean Score (Standard Deviation) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farmers’ Sample | Teachers’ Sample | |||||
Awareness | 0.53 ** | 0.52 ** | 0.49 * | 4.16 (1.05) | 4.44 (0.97) | |
Values | 0.32 * | 0.52 ** | 0.39 * | 3.63 (1.01) | 4.15 (1.32) | |
Empathy | 0.40 * | 0.54 ** | 0.42 * | 3.21 (0.86) | 3.67 (1.20) | |
Action | 0.36 * | 0.34 * | 0.35 * | 2.53 (1.50) | 3.69 (1.13) |
Statistics | Farmers | Teachers | Total Sample | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Awareness | MAttendees (S.D.) | 5.27 (0.55) | 5.02 (0.93) | 5.12 (0.79) |
MNon-attendees (S.D.) | 3.58 (0.73) | 4.07 (0.81) | 3.84 (0.80) | |
t | 6.71 ** | 3.34 ** | 6.50 ** | |
Values | MAttendees (S.D.) | 4.61 (0.95) | 5.22 (0.75) | 4.96 (0.88) |
MNon-attendees (S.D.) | 3.12 (0.57) | 3.49 (1.15) | 3.32 (0.93) | |
t | 5.59 ** | 5.66 ** | 7.30 ** | |
Empathy | MAttendees (S.D.) | 3.64 (1.06) | 4.62 (0.65) | 4.20 (0.97) |
MNon-attendees (S.D.) | 2.98 (0.66) | 3.07 (1.08) | 3.03 (0.90) | |
t | 2.15 * | 5.61 ** | 5.17 ** | |
Action | MAttendees (S.D.) | 3.64 (1.91) | 4.20 (1.01) | 3.96 (1.45) |
MNon-attendees (S.D.) | 1.95 (0.80) | 3.37 (1.10) | 2.71 (1.20) | |
t | 2.79 * | 2.35 * | 3.91 ** |
Awareness | Values | Empathy | Action | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔR2 | β | ΔR2 | β | ΔR2 | β | ΔR2 | β | |
Set 1 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.05 | ||||
Gender | −0.03 | 0.07 | −0.28 | −0.19 | ||||
Age | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.14 | ||||
Education | −0.02 | −0.08 | 0.01 | −0.08 | ||||
Set 2 | 0.59 ** | 0.49 ** | 0.15 * | 0.31 ** | ||||
Participation in AEPs | 0.78 ** | 0.71** | 0.40 * | 0.56 ** |
Awareness | Values | Empathy | Action | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔR2 | β | ΔR2 | β | ΔR2 | β | ΔR2 | β | |
Set 1 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.11 | ||||
Gender | 0.32 * | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.04 | ||||
Age | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.23 | ||||
Education | −0.09 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.19 | ||||
Set 2 | 0.18 ** | 0.38 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.13 * | ||||
Participation in AEPs | 0.46 ** | 0.66 ** | 0.65 ** | 0.39 * |
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Charatsari, C.; Fragkoulis, I.; Anagnou, E.; Lioutas, E.D. Can Adult Education Boost Sustainability Transitions? Some Evidence from Farmers and Teachers. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169859
Charatsari C, Fragkoulis I, Anagnou E, Lioutas ED. Can Adult Education Boost Sustainability Transitions? Some Evidence from Farmers and Teachers. Sustainability. 2022; 14(16):9859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169859
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharatsari, Chrysanthi, Iosif Fragkoulis, Evaggelos Anagnou, and Evagelos D. Lioutas. 2022. "Can Adult Education Boost Sustainability Transitions? Some Evidence from Farmers and Teachers" Sustainability 14, no. 16: 9859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169859