An Emerging Solution for Medical Waste: Reuse of COVID-19 Protective Suit in Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Mix Design, Casting Procedures, and Specimen-Making
2.3. Testing Methods
2.3.1. Strength Test
2.3.2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)
2.3.3. Scanning Electron Microscope Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical Parameters
3.2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
3.3. Compressive Strength
3.4. Splitting Tensile Strength
3.5. Microscopic Electron Microscope Analysis
4. Finite Element Simulation
5. Treatment Methods and Cost Analysis of PS
6. Conclusions
- The inclusion of PSF improved the compressive and tensile strength of concrete, and the tensile strength increased by 43.6% compared with the control mix. The mechanical properties of concrete containing PSF have been significantly improved because of the influence of PSF in transferring stress, absorbing energy, and confining behavior on cracks.
- With the gradual increase of the PSF content, the tensile–compression ratio of concrete showed an upward trend, which was 20.6–49.1% higher than the control group. It indicated that the toughness of this concrete has been improved obviously.
- According to the SEM images, PSF had good contact with the cement matrix and hindered the propagation of micro-cracks. The introduction of PSF leads to the enhancement of the overall microstructure of concrete.
- The finite element simulation results prove that PSF shotcrete has good use value in the construction of underground lining structures.
- Applying COVID-19 protective suits to the production of high-quality concrete has the potential to show great environmental and economic benefits. The findings of this paper may help in the management of COVID-19 medical waste.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition Content (%) | Cement |
---|---|
SiO2 | 22.60 |
Al2O3 | 5.03 |
Fe2O3 | 4.38 |
CaO | 63.11 |
MgO | 1.46 |
SO3 | 2.24 |
Loss on Ignition | 1.18 |
Fiber Properties | PSF |
---|---|
Breaking force (N) | 183 |
Elongation at break (%) | 42 |
Specific gravity | 0.93 |
Water absorption | 7.6% |
Aspect radio | 5 |
Group Number | Cement (Kg) | Sand (Kg) | Limestone (Kg) | Water (Kg) | Water Reducer (Kg) | PSF (% by Volume) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS0 | 445 | 641 | 1139 | 178 | 3.9 | 0 |
PS2 | 445 | 641 | 1139 | 178 | 3.9 | 0.2 |
PS4 | 445 | 641 | 1139 | 178 | 3.9 | 0.4 |
PS6 | 445 | 641 | 1139 | 178 | 3.9 | 0.6 |
PS8 | 445 | 641 | 1139 | 178 | 3.9 | 0.8 |
PS10 | 445 | 641 | 1139 | 178 | 3.9 | 1.0 |
Group Number | Water–Cement Ratio W/C | SAND Ratio b1 (%) | Slump (mm) | Density (Kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PS0 | 0.4 | 36.01 | 34 | 2402 |
PS2 | 0.4 | 36.01 | 30 | 2399 |
PS4 | 0.4 | 36.01 | 28 | 2392 |
PS6 | 0.4 | 36.01 | 24 | 2383 |
PS8 | 0.4 | 36.01 | 22 | 2377 |
PS10 | 0.4 | 36.01 | 17 | 2364 |
Group Number | Compressive Strength/MPa | Splitting Tensile Strength/MPa |
---|---|---|
PS0 | 38.3 | 3.12 |
PS2 | 34.1 | 3.36 |
PS4 | 38.4 | 3.84 |
PS6 | 41.1 | 4.04 |
PS8 | 38.9 | 4.21 |
PS10 | 36.9 | 4.48 |
Properties | PSF Concrete | Ordinary Concrete |
---|---|---|
Modulus of Elasticity (GN/m2) | 28 | 30 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.2 | 0.2 |
C (kN/m2) | 6780 | 5440 |
ϕ (degree) | 53.42 | 58.02 |
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Ran, T.; Pang, J.; Zou, J. An Emerging Solution for Medical Waste: Reuse of COVID-19 Protective Suit in Concrete. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10045. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610045
Ran T, Pang J, Zou J. An Emerging Solution for Medical Waste: Reuse of COVID-19 Protective Suit in Concrete. Sustainability. 2022; 14(16):10045. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610045
Chicago/Turabian StyleRan, Tao, Jianyong Pang, and Jiuqun Zou. 2022. "An Emerging Solution for Medical Waste: Reuse of COVID-19 Protective Suit in Concrete" Sustainability 14, no. 16: 10045. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610045