Innovative PEDRERA Model Tool Boosting Sustainable and Feasible Renovation Programs at District Scale in Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The PEDRERA Model’s Tool and Methodology
- Embracing accessibility and well-targeted funding streams, as well as multiple incentives for private financing.
- Supporting the very beginning activities of One-Stop Shops and Turnkeys models for building renovation at large scale.
- Increasing the capacity building and the implementation of renovation projects by reducing uncertainties to regional and local authorities (Public Sector) and private investors (Private Parties) as well.
- Developing neighborhood-based approaches for local communities to integrate renewable energy production and digital solutions dealing with zero-energy districts.
2.1. PEDRERA Model Input
- The aggregation of semantic data from cadaster with data mapping processes in GIS environment to ensure interoperability to the model among different platform components and consistency of communications.
- The adoption of Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) and Active measures from a database of technical solutions that, according to the physical consistency of selected buildings on GIS map, return information on design, intervention costs, energy upscale and potential subsidies achievable from Next Generation EU programs.
- The integration of the results from the previous step as input to be enclosed in the financial and business model engine, thus allowing the design of several large-scale scenarios and finally the implementation of the selected one.
- Stage 1: Gathering information from multiple sources of data available in a database (i.e., open data as the national cadaster) based on a GIS environment (PostgresSQL) for clustering and characterizing each building.
- Stage 2: Applying measures and cadastral data to the selected buildings (Table 1) for economic appraisal and cost analysis across the two so-called PEDRERAs: “Extra Core programming model 1” and “Extra Core programming model 2”.
- Stage 3: Importing input as CSV files in the designed wizard of the “Core programming module” to enhance the business model scenarios, and to compare and definitively select the most suitable.
2.2. PEDRERA Model Output
- UT 1 (2 pay).
- UT 2 (60 pay/5 years).
- UT 3 (120 pay/10 years).
- UT 4* (2 pay/5 years). * Financing scheme for vulnerable people covered by Public Sector.
- UT 5 (96 pay/8 years).
3. Case Studies
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- The data-driven solutions adopted allow a rapid analysis and a formidable data collection. Nevertheless, this solution is not exempt from a preliminary direct analysis of the building and social consistency. For example, in buildings where there is a lack of internal horizontal division according to the condominium regulation, the building is stacked as if it were a single-family building. However, there may be separate apartments, commercial spaces, or other functions inside. For this reason, a granular validation of the building consistency is always necessary.
- The direct calculation of the renovation cost obtained by an analysis of the building consistency and by the application of the construction costs coming from BEDEC and other official databases determines a very acceptable deviation equal to 1% (in the case of Palma) and 13% (in the case of St. Coloma) with respect to the values tabulated by the literature (i.e., ERESEE 2020). Furthermore, the deviation of the cost (PEC) in the case of St Coloma is due to the reduction of the intervention costs because of the economic context of the district. Although this reduced span may be acceptable in large-scale interventions (for example in the compilation of a SECAP or earlier business opportunities for investors), a customized plan for each end-user must consider a detailed assessment case-by-case.
- The possibility offered by the model to intervene in advance on each main input of a business model, (e.g., by modifying the type/duration of loan based on the amount of the intervention) makes it possible to reduce the monthly fee as far as possible and to meet situations in which a user is economically vulnerable.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Output KPIs | Acronym | PS * | PP * | Eu * |
---|---|---|---|---|
End-users contribution | UsersQuote | x | x | |
Monthly/rate payments UT1 (2 pay) | UTPay_1 | x | ||
Monthly/rate payments UT2 (60 pay/5 years) | UTPay_2 | x | ||
Monthly/rate payments UT3 (120 pay/10 years) | UTPay3 | x | ||
Monthly/rate payments UT4 (2 pay/5 years) ** | UTPay4 | x | x | |
Monthly/rate payments UT5 (96 pay/8 years) | UTPay5 | x | ||
SharedCost End-users | ShCost | x | x | |
Operational Costs Public Sector | DirOpex (PS) | x | ||
Revolving fund grants Public Sector | RevGrant (PS) | x | ||
Operational Costs Private Parties | OvH_OpCost (CS) | x | ||
Early Before Taxes Private Parties | EBT (CS) | x | ||
Gross. Benefits Private parties | GrossBen (CS) | x | ||
Financial amount required | Finan€ | x | ||
Financial Costs | Finan_Cost (CS) | x | ||
Financial Needs | FinanNeed | x | ||
Full Operational Costs Private Parties | Opex€ (CS)_Tot | x | ||
EoS 1_ savings on OPEX reduction *** | SavEoSOpex_Inc | x | x | |
EoS 2_ savings by Market value increment *** | SavEoSMarket_Inc | x | x | |
EoS 3_ savings by PEC reduction *** | SavEoSPEC_Inc | x | x | |
Impact % of Financial Cost on Financed amount | FinCost_percent | x | ||
Impact % of Financial Cost on UTs amount | FinCost_Impact_UT | x | ||
Employment opportunities. New jobs impacts | NewJobsEnt | x | ||
Cash flow analysis | Cssh Flow Diagram | x | x |
Área de Conservación y Rehabilitación (ACR) No. 2, “Mas Marí”, St. Coloma de Gramenet | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤1940 | ≥1941 ≤ 1980 | ≥1981 | Total | |||
Buildings | No. | 0 | 14 | 2 | 16 | |
% | 0% | 87.5% | 12.5% | |||
Single family | No. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% |
% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |||
Multifamily | No. | 0 | 14 | 2 | 16 | 100% |
% | 0% | 87.5% | 12.5% | |||
Dwellings | 137 | 157 | ||||
Other uses | 20 |
“La Soledat Sud” Neighborhood, Palma de Mallorca | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤1940 | ≥1941 ≤ 1980 | ≥1981 | Total | |||
Buildings | No. | 32 | 16 | 4 | 52 | |
% | 62% | 31% | 8% | |||
Single family | No. | 10 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 29% |
% | 72% | 25% | 0% | |||
Multifamily | No. | 22 | 11 | 4 | 37 | 71% |
% | 59% | 30% | 11% | |||
Dwellings | 159 | 239 | ||||
Other uses | 80 |
Área de Conservación y Rehabilitación (ACR) No. 2 “Mas Marí”, St. Coloma de Gramenet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
≤1940 | ≥1941 ≤ 1980 | ≥1981 | Average Cost | |
Single family | - | - | - | - |
Multi-family | - | 7924.07 EUR/dw | 6907.67 EUR/dw | 7797.02 EUR/dw |
“La Soledat Sud” Neighborhood, Palma de Mallorca | ||||
≤1940 | ≥1941 ≤ 1980 | ≥1981 | Average Cost | |
Single family | 17,484.78 EUR/dw | 17,012.30 EUR/dw | - | 17,335.58 EUR/dw |
Multi-family | 13,419.84 EUR/dw | 14,546.23 EUR/dw | 14,226.89 EUR/dw | 13,858.99 EUR/dw |
Demo Case | Ref. Literature | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ERESEE 2020 | ICAEN | ITEC Lcqa 2016 | ITEC 2016 + PMRH 2021 | ICAEN + PMRH 2021 | Avarage (from Ref. Literature) | Deviation Span (Avarage Ref. Literature—Demo Case) | ||
Área de conservación y rehabilitación (ACR) no. 2 “Mas Marí”, St. Coloma de Gramenet | ||||||||
SF * | - | 16,628.00 | 22,623.25 | 33,903.00 | 33,903.00 | 22,623.25 | 25,936.10 | - |
MF * | 7797.02 | 10,592.00 | 16,454.50 | 7471.00 | 10,654.90 | 10,654.90 | 11,165.46 | +43.20% |
“La Soledat Sud” neighborhood, Palma de Mallorca | ||||||||
SF * | 17,335.58 | 16,628.00 | 22,623.25 | 33,903.00 | 33,903.00 | 22,623.25 | 25,936.10 | +49.61% |
MF * | 13,858.99 | 10,592.00 | 16,454.50 | 7471.00 | 10,654.90 | 10,654.90 | 11,165.46 | −19.43% |
Área de Conservación y Rehabilitación (ACR) No. 2 “Mas Marí”, St. Coloma de Gramenet | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
User-Type (UT) | No. UTs | F_UserTypesQuote (€) | F_UserRatePay (€) | |||
Average | Max. | Min. | ||||
UT1 | (2 pay) | 5 | 7005.33 | 3502.66 | 5529.09 | 1796.60 |
UT2 | (60 pay/5 years) | 33 | 5245.48 | 87.42 | 120.02 | 59.89 |
UT3 | (120 pay/10 years) | 72 | 7819.54 | 72.05 | 112.12 | 34.82 |
UT4 | (2 pay/5 years) | 2 | 5065.18 | 2532.59 | 3389.39 | 1675.78 |
UT5 | (96 pay/8 years) | 45 | 7093.41 | 79.06 | 108.63 | 58.65 |
Total Users involved | 157 |
“La Soledat Sud” Neighborhood, Palma de Mallorca | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
User-Type (UT) | No. UTs | F_UserTypesQuote (€) | F_UserRatePay (€) | |||
Average | Max. | Min. | ||||
UT1 | (2 pay) | 12 | 8956.76 | 4478.38 | 9255.07 | 546.22 |
UT2 | (60 pay/5 years) | 73 | 4457.80 | 74.30 | 166.11 | 35.70 |
UT3 | (120 pay/10 years) | 86 | 14,230.25 | 118.59 | 212.95 | 66.76 |
UT4 | (2 pay/5 years) | 6 | 7774.20 | 3887.10 | 6804.63 | 1334.40 |
UT5 | (96 pay/8 years) | 62 | 10,934.96 | 113.91 | 143.98 | 79.01 |
Total Users involved | 239 |
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Civiero, P.; Pascual, J.; Arcas Abella, J.; Salom, J. Innovative PEDRERA Model Tool Boosting Sustainable and Feasible Renovation Programs at District Scale in Spain. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9672. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159672
Civiero P, Pascual J, Arcas Abella J, Salom J. Innovative PEDRERA Model Tool Boosting Sustainable and Feasible Renovation Programs at District Scale in Spain. Sustainability. 2022; 14(15):9672. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159672
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiviero, Paolo, Jordi Pascual, Joaquim Arcas Abella, and Jaume Salom. 2022. "Innovative PEDRERA Model Tool Boosting Sustainable and Feasible Renovation Programs at District Scale in Spain" Sustainability 14, no. 15: 9672. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159672