A Fuzzy-Logic Approach Based on Driver Decision-Making Behavior Modeling and Simulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background and Related Works
2.1. Aggressive Driving
2.2. Recognizing Driver’s Intention
2.3. Aggressive Driving Behavior Prediction
2.4. Using Fuzzy Logic for Driver Behavior
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Simulation
3.3. Short Description of the Fuzzy Inference System
- ✓
- Fuzzification
- ✓
- Fuzzy inference process (Aggregation of the Rule Outputs)
- ✓
- Defuzzification
- I.
- LOM (largest of maximum), MOM (middle of maximum) methods
- II.
- Center of Gravity method
- III.
- Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) from Driving Simulator Studies
- Before–After evaluations of performed Studies
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Descriptive Statistic
4.2. Description of the Fuzzy Logic Car-Following Model
4.3. Defuzzification Values and Output for Each Scenario
4.4. Development of Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) from Driving Simulator Studies
4.4.1. Install Speed Limit in Clear Weather/Dry Road Conditions
4.4.2. Install Speed Limit for Rain Weather/Wet Road Condition
4.4.3. Install Speed Limit in Snow Weather/Snow Road Condition
4.4.4. Install Speed Limit in Snow Weather/Icy Road Conditions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Driver Characteristics | Classification | Proportion of Drivers |
---|---|---|
Age | (18–25) | 23% |
(25–30) | 26% | |
(31–40) | 28% | |
(41–50) | 16% | |
(51–60) | 7% | |
Gender | Male | 81% |
Female | 19% | |
No. of years of driving experience | Primary (1–5 years) | 27% |
Middle (6–9 years) | 21% | |
Senior (≥10 years) | 52% | |
Highway driving mileage per day | Every day | 60% |
Occasionally | 12% | |
Often | 28% | |
Speed when you drive on a highway on snow-covered roads | Similar | 18% |
Below speed limit | 56% | |
Below speed 10 limit | 17% | |
Below 5 mph | 9% | |
Number of times the driver has slid on snowy and icy roads | Sometimes | 60% |
Never | 12% | |
Often | 28% | |
Safety | A Little Safe | 44% |
Less Safe | 11% | |
Very Safe | 45% |
Variables | Mathematical Representation | Generalized Trapezoidal Fuzzy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weather Sensation (Input) | ||||||
Fuzzy Sets | Very safe | safe | Risky | High, Risky | ||
Values | 0–1–2–3 | 2–3–4–5 | 5–6–7–8 | 8–9–10 | ||
Speed Limit (Output) | ||||||
Fuzzy Sets | increase the speed limit | retain current the speed limit | reduce the speed limit a little | reduce the speed limit a lot | ||
Values | 20–15–10–5 | 10–5–0–(−5) | (−5)–(10)–(−15)–(20) | (−20)–(25)–(30) | ||
Production Rules:
|
Scenario | Weather Condition/Speed Limit | Average Defuzzification | Modify the Speed Limit | Speed Range (mph) |
---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | Clear/80 mph | −5.3195 | the speed limit/reduce the speed | From 5 to −20 |
S2 | Rain/80 mph | −3.8166 | retain the current speed limit | From 5 to −5 |
S3 | Clear/70 mph | −0.3513 | retain the current speed limit | From 5 to −5 |
S4 | Rain/70 mph | 2.0397 | retain the current speed limit | From 5 to −5 |
S5 | Snow/70 mph | −11.492 | reduce the speed limit a little | From −10 to −20 |
S6 | Icy/70 mph | −16.4599 | reduce the speed limit a little | From −10 to −20 |
S7 | Snow/50 mph | 1.4335 | retain the current speed limit | From 5 to −5 |
S8 | Icy/50 mph | −3.9219 | retain the current speed limit | From 5 to −5 |
S9 | Snow/40 mph | 6.6224 | increase the speed limit/speed limit | From 20 to −5 |
S10 | Icy/40mph | 3.4828 | retain current the speed limit | From 5 to −5 |
Weather/Road Condition | Time Period | Change Speed Limit | Crash Type | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clear/dry | Before | 80 mph | Lane Marge (LM) | 18 |
Hit Object (HO) | 24 | |||
After | 70 mph | Lane Marge (LM) | 15 | |
Hit Object (HO) | 4 | |||
Rain/wet | Before | 80 mph | Slow Dawn (SD) | 10 |
Loss of Control (LOC) | 11 | |||
After | 70 mph | Slow Dawn (SD | 6 | |
Lane Change (CL) | 11 | |||
Snow/snow | Before | 70 mph | Loss of Control (LOC) | 39 |
OTHER | 5 | |||
After | 50 mph | Loss of Control (LOC) | 14 | |
OTHER | 1 | |||
After | 40 mph | Loss of Control (LOC) | 1 | |
OTHER | 3 | |||
Snow/icy | Before | 70 mph | Loss of Control (LOC) | 73 |
OTHER | 5 | |||
After | 50 mph | Loss of Control (LOC) | 44 | |
OTHER | 5 | |||
After | 40 mph | Loss of Control (LOC) | 23 | |
OTHER | 2 | |||
Hit Deer (HD) | 10 |
No # | Treatment | Traffic Volume | Traffic Volume | Weather/Road Condition | CMF | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speed limit and CMF in Clear/dry condition | LM | HO | Total Crash | Std. Error | ||||
1 | Change mean speed from 80 mph to 70 mph | Freeway (Four-lane roads) | Unspecified | Clear/dry | 0.83 | 0.16 | 0.45 | 0.047 |
Speed limit and CMF in Cloudy/wet condition | SD | CL | Total Crash | Std. Error | ||||
2 | Change mean speed from 80 mph to 70 mph | Freeway (Four-lane roads) | Unspecified | Cloudy/wet | 0.1 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.046 |
Speed limit and CMF in Snow/snow condition | LOC | Other | Total Crash | Std. Error | ||||
3 | Change mean speed from 70 mph to 50 mph | Freeway (Four-lane roads) | Unspecified | Snow/snow | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.037 |
Change mean speed from 70 mph to 40 mph | 0.03 | 0.60 | 0.09 | 0.038 | ||||
Speed limit and CMF in Snow/icy condition | LOC | Other | Total Crash | Std. Error | ||||
4 | Change mean speed from 70 mph to 50 mph | Freeway (Four-lane roads) | Unspecified | Snow/icy | 0.60 | 1.0 | 0.63 | 0.040 |
Change mean speed from 70 mph to 40 mph | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.053 |
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Almadi, A.I.M.; Al Mamlook, R.E.; Almarhabi, Y.; Ullah, I.; Jamal, A.; Bandara, N. A Fuzzy-Logic Approach Based on Driver Decision-Making Behavior Modeling and Simulation. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148874
Almadi AIM, Al Mamlook RE, Almarhabi Y, Ullah I, Jamal A, Bandara N. A Fuzzy-Logic Approach Based on Driver Decision-Making Behavior Modeling and Simulation. Sustainability. 2022; 14(14):8874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148874
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmadi, Abdulla I. M., Rabia Emhamed Al Mamlook, Yahya Almarhabi, Irfan Ullah, Arshad Jamal, and Nishantha Bandara. 2022. "A Fuzzy-Logic Approach Based on Driver Decision-Making Behavior Modeling and Simulation" Sustainability 14, no. 14: 8874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148874