Emotions and Resilience in Saudi Women’s Digital Entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1. Business Resilience and Entrepreneurship
2.2. Individual Resilience and Entrepreneurship
2.3. Broaden-and-Build Theory
2.4. Digital Entrepreneurship
2.5. Context of the Research
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Entrepreneurship Motivations Pre- and During COVID-19 Pandemic
4.2. Thoughts, Actions, and Building Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
“After I was successful with new recipes, I considered starting a new business that was completely different from the previous one; I discussed my business idea with a friend of mine, who advised me to present my business idea and model to a business incubator at the university where she worked; my business idea was successful, and I was able to get funds from the incubator to start my new business.”
“Business-wise, the nature of my products were to be served during people’s gatherings and occasions. With the complete lockdown and the social distancing measures, my sales became zero”. She further affirms, “Despite that, to be honest, the lockdown was not a negative period for me. The spare time that we have gained due to the isolation encourages me to improve my learning skills. As a way of example, I have taken many online cooking courses to improve my cooking skills and to innovate on new recipes”.
4.3. Mechanisms for Business Resilience before and during COVID-19 Pandemic
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Participant Number | Age Category | Marital Status | Children | Education Level | Business Sector | Age of Business in Years | Number of Employees |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participant 1 | 25–34 | Married | 2 | Bachelor | Food and beverage | >1 year | 3 |
Participant 2 | 35–44 | Married | 0 | High school | Fashion design | 10–20 | 2 |
Participant 3 | 35–44 | Married | 2 | Bachelor | Food and beverages | 10–20 | 3 |
Participant 4 | 45–54 | Married | 3 | Bachelor | Fashion design | 10–20 | 4 |
Participant 5 | 25–34 | Married | 3 | Bachelor | Fashion products | 6–10 | 0 |
Participant 6 | 45–54 | Married | 4 | High school | Food and beverages | 6–10 | 2 |
Participant 7 | 25–34 | Married | 1 | Masters | Fashion design | 6–10 | 2 |
Participant 8 | Over 55 | Widowed | 0 | Bachelor | Fashion design | 6–10 | 2 |
Participant Number | Business Sector | Pre-COVID-19 | During COVID-19 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Challenges | Motivation | Motivation | ||
1 | Handicrafts | Competition and financial | Self-employment | Passion |
2 | Fashion design | Financial, business skills challenges | Passion | Passion |
3 | Food and beverage | Customer satisfaction; Financial and supplier challenges | Passion | Passion |
4 | Fashion design | Financial and competition | Passion | Passion |
5 | Fashion design | Financial, business skills challenges | Passion and self-employment | Passion |
6 | Food and beverage | Family resistance and stress and demand fluctuations | Passion | Passion |
7 | Fashion design | Financial, competition, demand fluctuation and, supplier challenges | Self- employment | Self-employment |
8 | Fashion design | Business skills, financial challenges | Hobby | Hobby |
Theme | Sub-Theme | Interview Excerpts |
---|---|---|
Motivations (Phases 1 and 2) | Passion | Participant 1: “I love cooking” Participant 2: “I am a passionate designer” Participant 3: “I love cooking” Participant 4: “I am a model who loves designing and fashion” Participant 5: “I am passionate about fashion” Participant 6: “I love cooking” |
Self-employment/independence | Participant 7: “It was convenient to run the business from home but now it is no longer worth investing” | |
Hobby/lifestyle | Participant 8: “It was a hobby” | |
Catalysts (Phase 2) | Interest | Participant 1: “I am interested to discover new recipes” Participant 3: “I am eager to improve myself” |
Pride | Participant 5: “The business exists because of my name” | |
Joy | Participant 2: “I enjoy playing with materials and always excited about the outcomes” Participant 4: “I enjoy playing with materials and designs” | |
Gratitude | Participant 6: “The business enabled me to help others” | |
Pessimism | Participant 7: “COVID killed my business” | |
Frustration | Participant 8: “I am no longer interested” |
Motivation | Catalyst | Thoughts and Actions Contributing to Broadening | Building Entrepreneur Resilience | Participant |
---|---|---|---|---|
Passion | Interest | Exploring new recipes Researching new information Attending entrepreneurship training Using social bonds to exploit opportunities Adopting a new business model | Creating innovative recipes Finding a niche in the market Starting new business during COVID-19 | 1 |
Learning new recipes Joining online cooking courses | Diversifying her products to meet the fluctuation in demand | 3 | ||
Joy | Playing with materials and creating innovative designs | Handling stress and overcoming the pandemic Feeling positive for the future Creating novel designs | 2 | |
Expanding design portfolio Planning her own brand | 4 | |||
Pride | Envisioning new achievements in the future Believing that her name is the brand | Planning to buy her own store Establishing her own brand | 5 | |
Gratitude | Assisting others by taking part in a variety of charitable activities | Building, strengthening, and diversifying social bonds through volunteering | 6 | |
Self-employment/independence | Pessimism | Narrowing the self by believing that her products became obsolete Believing that she cannot compete with cheaper alternatives in the market | Having limited options for dealing with the situation | 7 |
Hobby | Frustration | Narrowing the self by believing that customers do not appreciate her products Believing that she no longer wants her business | 8 |
Participant Number | Business Sector | Mechanisms for Business Growth before COVID-19 | Mechanisms for Business Resilience during COVID-19 |
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1 | Handicrafts, then food and beverage |
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2 | Fashion design |
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3 | Food and beverage |
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4 | Fashion design |
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5 | Fashion design |
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6 | Food and beverage |
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7 | Fashion design |
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8 | Fashion design |
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Share and Cite
Alhothali, G.T.; Al-Dajani, H. Emotions and Resilience in Saudi Women’s Digital Entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148794
Alhothali GT, Al-Dajani H. Emotions and Resilience in Saudi Women’s Digital Entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2022; 14(14):8794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148794
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhothali, Ghada Talat, and Haya Al-Dajani. 2022. "Emotions and Resilience in Saudi Women’s Digital Entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Sustainability 14, no. 14: 8794. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148794