Influences of Urban Bikeway Design and Land Use on Bike Collision Severity: Evidence from Pohang in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Site Selection and Data Collection
3.2. Analytical Modelling
3.3. Variable Selection for the Binary Logistic Regression
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics
4.2. Binary Logistic Regression
5. Discussion
5.1. Need for Clear and Solid Separation between Bikeways and Roadways in Parks and Open Spaces
5.2. Importance of Pavement Materials in Side Paths
5.3. Importance of Non-Motorist-Centric Design in Low-Volume Streets without Sidewalks
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Description | |
---|---|---|
Gender | Gender of cyclists (Female: 0, Male: 1) | |
Age | Under 30 | Reference variable |
30–49 | Age of cyclists (<30: 0, 30–49: 1) | |
50–69 | Age of cyclists (<30: 0, 50–69: 1) | |
Over 70 | Age of cyclists (<30: 0, ≥70: 1) | |
Time | Time of collision cases(Night: 0, Day: 1) | |
Road surface condition | Road surface condition of collision cases (Others: 0, Dry: 1) | |
Land use | Residential | Reference variable |
Commercial | Cases of collisions on roads in commercial areas (Residential: 0, Commercial: 1) | |
Industrial | Cases of collisions on roads in industrial areas (Residential: 0, Industrial: 1) | |
Parks and open spaces | Cases of collisions on roads in parks and open spaces (Residential: 0, Parks and open spaces: 1) | |
Bikeway type | T0: No lane | Reference variable |
T1: Shared-use path | Bake lane clearly isolated; bike lane in the park (T0: 0, T1: 1) | |
T2: Cycle track | Bike lane separated from the road by pavement markings or signages (T0: 0, T2: 1) | |
T3: Side path 1 | Bike lane with whole cycling pavement on the sidewalk (T0: 0, T3: 1) | |
T4: Side path 2 | Bike lane with separated cycling-oriented pavement on the sidewalk (T0: 0, T4: 1) | |
T5: Side path 3 | Bike lane with whole brick pavement on the sidewalk (T0: 0, T5: 1) |
Type | Description | Example | |
---|---|---|---|
T0 | No lane | No distinction between car traffic, walkway, and bikeway/Usually paved with asphalt | |
T1 | Shared-use path | Mostly constructed near parks and rivers Clearly isolated road and sidewalks by vertical and horizontal way/Usually paved with asphalt, concrete, or unsealed surface with granular materials | |
T2 | Cycle track | Separated horizontally from the traffic lane by tubular marker, pavement marking, signage, vertically from sidewalk by raised curb/Sometimes sidewalk is not constructed/Usually paved with asphalt | |
T3 | Side path 1 (whole cycling pavement) | Dual lane horizontally separated from the road for bicycles and pedestrians with a bike-only pavement/Usually paved with colored asphalt, bituminous slurry, concrete, or unsealed surface with granular materials | |
T4 | Side path 2 (separated cycling pavement) | Dual lane vertically separated from the road for bicycles and pedestrians with a separation of cycling-oriented pavements and sidewalk blocks/Usually paved with asphalt, concrete, and bituminous slurry | |
T5 | Side path 3 (whole brick pavement) | Dual lane vertically separated from the road for bicycles and pedestrians with sidewalk blocks/Usually paved with sidewalk blocks | |
Collision Severity (Case) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Minor | Major | Total | ||
Total | 495 | 370 | 865 | |
Gender | Female | 127 | 98 | 225 |
Male | 368 | 272 | 640 | |
Age | Under 30 | 129 | 65 | 194 |
30–49 | 80 | 55 | 135 | |
50–69 | 195 | 159 | 354 | |
Over 70 | 91 | 91 | 182 | |
Time | Day | 375 | 283 | 658 |
Night | 120 | 87 | 207 | |
Road surface condition | Dry | 478 | 348 | 826 |
The others | 17 | 22 | 39 | |
Land use | Residential | 268 | 156 | 424 |
Commercial | 168 | 151 | 319 | |
Industrial | 16 | 12 | 28 | |
Parks and open spaces | 43 | 51 | 94 | |
Bikeway type | T0 | 126 | 66 | 192 |
T1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
T2 | 19 | 20 | 39 | |
T3 | 12 | 13 | 25 | |
T4 | 86 | 90 | 176 | |
T5 | 250 | 179 | 429 |
Variable | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Female | 1.000 | ref. | - |
Male | 0.945 | (0.678–1.317) | 0.737 |
Age | |||
Less than 30 | 1.000 | ref. | - |
30–49 | 1.320 | (0.816–2.137) | 0.258 |
50–69 | 1.512 | (1.028–2.225) | 0.036* |
Over 70 | 2.008 | (1.308–3.084) | 0.001** |
Time | |||
Night | 1.000 | ref. | - |
Day | 1.090 | (0.780–1.524) | 0.613 |
Road surface condition | |||
Others | 1.000 | ref. | - |
Dry | 0.578 | (0.295–1.132) | 0.110 |
Land use | |||
Residential | 1.000 | ref. | - |
Commercial | 1.216 | (0.863–1.712) | 0.264 |
Industrial | 0.990 | (0.436–2.248) | 0.982 |
Parks and open spaces | 2.283 | (1.403–3.715) | 0.001 ** |
Bikeway type | |||
T0: No lane | 1.000 | ref. | - |
T1: Shared-use path | 1.619 | (0.204–12.880) | 0.649 |
T2: Cycle track | 2.601 | (1.003–4.234) | 0.049 * |
T3: Side path 1 | 2.103 | (0.883–5.009) | 0.093 |
T4: Side path 2 | 2.161 | (1.324–3.527) | 0.002 ** |
T5: Side path 3 | 1.556 | (1.065–2.275) | 0.022 * |
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Lee, J.; Seo, D. Influences of Urban Bikeway Design and Land Use on Bike Collision Severity: Evidence from Pohang in South Korea. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148397
Lee J, Seo D. Influences of Urban Bikeway Design and Land Use on Bike Collision Severity: Evidence from Pohang in South Korea. Sustainability. 2022; 14(14):8397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148397
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Juseung, and Ducksu Seo. 2022. "Influences of Urban Bikeway Design and Land Use on Bike Collision Severity: Evidence from Pohang in South Korea" Sustainability 14, no. 14: 8397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148397
APA StyleLee, J., & Seo, D. (2022). Influences of Urban Bikeway Design and Land Use on Bike Collision Severity: Evidence from Pohang in South Korea. Sustainability, 14(14), 8397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148397