Energy Use and Its Key Factors in Hotel Chains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Energy Use in Hotels
2.2. GRI Adoption
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Multiple Regression Model
4. Results
4.1. Dispersion Matrix
4.2. Multiple Regression—First Model
4.3. Multiple Regression—Second Model
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Yi | Net Profit | RevPAR | Energy | Water | Carbon |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H.1 | 22,878.30 | 444.28 | 331.34 | 2.35 | 139.44 |
H.2 | 5774.09 | 276.00 | 225.35 | 0.95 | 84.73 |
H.3 | 921.85 | 134.60 | 50.15 | 0.70 | 31.28 |
H.4 | 4899.54 | 49.85 | 27.66 | 0.24 | 14.49 |
H.5 | 6432.72 | 102.83 | 42.24 | 0.59 | 22.04 |
H.6 | 713.02 | 154.00 | 43.79 | 0.58 | 26.60 |
H.7 | 916.79 | 75.00 | 24.63 | 0.52 | 18.60 |
H.8 | 1135.02 | 79.38 | 11.83 | 0.55 | 19.00 |
H.9 | 3111.59 | 64.72 | 30.23 | 0.22 | 14.29 |
H.10 | 1699.31 | 81.78 | 23.83 | 0.54 | 16.10 |
H.11 | 3785.45 | 28.57 | 14.87 | 0.31 | 12.40 |
H.12 | 909.50 | 41.64 | 72.22 | 0.84 | 48.40 |
H.13 | 372.36 | 227.95 | 385.83 | 4.05 | 127.20 |
H.14 | 1253.55 | 41.11 | 40.41 | 0.92 | 29.81 |
H.15 | 3379.30 | 183.00 | 101.22 | 0.60 | 36.74 |
H.16 | 9510.91 | 183.46 | 89.29 | 0.79 | 27.33 |
H.17 | 15,864.20 | 146.00 | 22.45 | 0.15 | 9.31 |
H.18 | 911.73 | 109.65 | 69.52 | 0.14 | 23.97 |
H.19 | 303.39 | 85.41 | 84.30 | 0.51 | 23.81 |
H.20 | 1828.67 | 67.77 | 48.38 | 0.33 | 8.42 |
H.21 | 1504.88 | 80.90 | 53.18 | 0.18 | 1.96 |
H.22 | 5730.57 | 144.51 | 62.65 | 0.50 | 19.83 |
H.23 | 20,119.99 | 183.60 | 100.64 | 0.75 | 29.06 |
H.24 | 4160.77 | 120.09 | 234.29 | 1.58 | 80.20 |
H.25 | 238,718.90 | 266.70 | 362.50 | 2.60 | 260.27 |
H.26 | 1863.48 | 101.61 | 108.66 | 1.08 | 32.30 |
H.27 | −47,272.73 | 166.50 | 163.99 | 2.56 | 67.22 |
H.28 | 471.24 | 30.71 | 42.58 | 0.24 | 11.41 |
H.29 | 8238.21 | 210.65 | 80.46 | 0.51 | 19.89 |
H.30 | 8524.15 | 101.85 | 9.29 | 0.26 | 3.69 |
H.31 | 12,614.36 | 122.98 | 47.83 | 0.67 | 29.00 |
H.32 | 13,247.55 | 808.62 | 636.18 | 0.43 | 274.83 |
H.33 | 2762.43 | 69.85 | 120.00 | 2.41 | 38.90 |
H.34 | 3955.69 | 217.42 | 53.17 | 0.65 | 14.41 |
H.35 | −3979.84 | 104.27 | 28.31 | 0.32 | 7.85 |
H.36 | 4311.40 | 148.00 | 40.37 | 0.54 | 9.47 |
H.37 | 1614.62 | 37.41 | 17.71 | 0.44 | 19.28 |
H.38 | 49,037.36 | 153.00 | 167.76 | 1.30 | 64.57 |
H.39 | 4398.52 | 58.46 | 121.44 | 2.14 | 35.60 |
H.40 | 121.75 | 54.43 | 51.11 | 2.19 | 21.70 |
H.41 | 4564.21 | 145.34 | 22.80 | 0.37 | 11.14 |
H.42 | −587.73 | 82.26 | 118.16 | 0.89 | 48.80 |
H.43 | 2664.17 | 52.16 | 17.29 | 0.35 | 8.57 |
H.44 | 13,458.34 | 196.08 | 66.95 | 0.57 | 18.31 |
H.45 | 5124.64 | 115.84 | 82.27 | 0.67 | 70.23 |
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Authors | Sample and Period | Region | Dependent Variable(s) | Independent Variable(s) | Significant Result(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[2] | 29 hotels—2004 | Singapore | Energy use | Star rating Worker density Last retrofit | Star rating (−) Worker density (+) |
[3] | 30 hotels—2013 | Hong Kong | Energy use | Building age Floor area Guestroom Occupancy rate Maintenance costs | Floor area (+) |
[4] | 6 hotels—2019/2020 | Gran Canaria | Energy use | Overnight stays Number of diners Number of workers Number of rooms RevPAR Pool volume Number of guests per room | RevPAR (+) Number of diners (+) Pool volume (+) Number of guests per room (+) |
[9] | 73 hotels—2010 | Taiwan | Energy use | Foreign individual travelers (FIT) Number of group guests | FIT (+) Group guests (+) |
[12] | 55 hotels—2018 | Tunisia | Energy use and water use | Floor area Number of beds Number of guests rooms Number of guests-nights Occupancy rate Floor area (guestrooms) | Floor area (guestrooms) (+) Number of guests-nights (+) |
[4] | 6 hotels—2019/2020 | Gran Canaria | Energy use | Overnight stays Number of diners Number of workers Number of rooms RevPAR Pool volume Number of guests per room | RevPAR (+) Number of diners (+) Pool volume (+) Number of guests per room (+) |
[13] | 184 hotels—2004 | Europe | Energy and water use | Floor area Guest-nights sold Food cover sold laundry washed on-site On-site health club | Floor area (+) Guest-nights sold (+) Food cover sold (+) |
[14] | 200 hotels—2010 | Taiwan | Energy use | Floor area Number of rooms Number of buildings Number of workers Occupancy rate ADR Total revenue Number of guests | Floor area (+) Number of rooms (+) ADR (+) Total revenue (+) Occupancy rate (+) |
[15] | 24 hotels—2013 | Lijiang, China | Energy use | Floor area Number of guests rooms Star rating Occupancy rate Room revenue Number of workers Floor area (guestrooms) | Star rating (+) Occupancy rate (+) |
Variable | Valid n | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NetRoom (USD) | 45 | 9821.5 | −47,272.7 | 238,718.9 | 36,788.6 |
RevPAR (USD) | 45 | 141.1 | 28.6 | 808.6 | 129.0 |
Energy (KWh/occupied room) | 45 | 101.0 | 9.3 | 636.2 | 121.3 |
Water (m3/occupied room) | 45 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 0.8 |
Carbon (kgCO2e/occupied room) | 45 | 42.9 | 2.0 | 274.8 | 57.2 |
Panel A—Regression Summary | |||
Variable | Coefficient | t-Statistic | p-Value |
Intercept | −17.8615 | −2.2049 | 0.033 |
NetRoom | −0.0006 | −3.8490 | <0.001 |
RevPAR | 0.2437 | 3.7953 | <0.001 |
Water | 23.6850 | 3.7234 | <0.001 |
Carbon | 1.6201 | 8.3709 | <0.001 |
Panel B—Analysis of Variance | |||
F-Statistic | 212.86 | ||
p-value | <0.001 | ||
R2 Adjusted | 0.9506 |
Panel A—Regression Summary | |||
Variable | Coefficient | t-Statistic | p-Value |
Intercept | 9.6675 | 1.5907 | 0.119 |
NetRoom | −0.0010 | −5.9775 | <0.001 |
Carbon | 2.3502 | 22.5844 | <0.001 |
Panel B—Analysis of Variance | |||
F-Statistic | 295.10 | ||
p-value | <0.001 | ||
R2 Adjusted | 0.9304 |
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Arenhart, R.S.; Souza, A.M.; Zanini, R.R. Energy Use and Its Key Factors in Hotel Chains. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148239
Arenhart RS, Souza AM, Zanini RR. Energy Use and Its Key Factors in Hotel Chains. Sustainability. 2022; 14(14):8239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148239
Chicago/Turabian StyleArenhart, Rodrigo Schons, Adriano Mendonça Souza, and Roselaine Ruviaro Zanini. 2022. "Energy Use and Its Key Factors in Hotel Chains" Sustainability 14, no. 14: 8239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148239
APA StyleArenhart, R. S., Souza, A. M., & Zanini, R. R. (2022). Energy Use and Its Key Factors in Hotel Chains. Sustainability, 14(14), 8239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148239