Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel–Neem Biodiesel Blends
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methodology
2.1. Fuel Preparation
2.2. Performance Evaluation
2.3. Exhaust Emission Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Performance and Emission Characteristics
3.1.1. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
3.1.2. Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
3.1.3. CO Emission
3.1.4. Unburned Hydrocarbon (HC) Emission
4. Conclusions
- Compression ratio exhibited a proportional demeanor with respect to BTE, whereas the converse relationships with BSFC, CO, and HC emissions were discerned. A similar effect was noticed when Al2O3 nanoparticles were added in fuel blend. Improved combustion characteristics might be a reason for improved performance of the engine.
- B0A50 results in a 4.5% increase in BTE, an 11% decrease in BSFC, a 12% decrease in CO, and a 16% decrease in HC when compared to diesel at compression ratio 18 and load 8 kg.
- B20A50 results in a 2% decrease in BTE as compared to B0 while a 5% increase occurred when compared to B20 and an 18% increase in BSFC when compared to pure diesel, while a 11% reduction when compared to B20 was observed at 18 CR and 8 kg load.
- For the same CR and load, a 37% decrease in CO emission and a 31% reduction in HC emission was noticed as compared to that of pure diesel fuel for the same CR and load, while, when compared to B20, about a 16% reduction in CO and a 12% reduction in HC emission were observed.
- Observation of all results suggests B20A50 as a suitable blend for optimum performance and exhaust emission.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fatty Acid | Amount % |
---|---|
Palmitic acid | 17.8 |
Stearic acid | 14.4 |
Oleic acid | 51.3 |
Linoleic acid | 14.7 |
Arachidic acid | 1.6 |
Myristic acid | 0.03 |
Size range | 27–43 nm |
Density | 3.7 g/cm3 |
Flammability | Non flammable |
S.N. | Measurement Data | Measurement Range | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|
1. | CO2 | 0–20% Vol. | 0.1% Vol. |
2. | CO | 0–10% Vol. | 0.01% Vol. |
3. | HC | 0–20,000 ppm Vol. | 1 ppm |
4. | O2 | 0–25% Vol. | 0.01% Vol. |
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Kaushik, Y.; Verma, V.; Saxena, K.K.; Prakash, C.; Gupta, L.R.; Dixit, S. Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel–Neem Biodiesel Blends. Sustainability 2022, 14, 7913. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137913
Kaushik Y, Verma V, Saxena KK, Prakash C, Gupta LR, Dixit S. Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel–Neem Biodiesel Blends. Sustainability. 2022; 14(13):7913. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137913
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaushik, Yatendra, Vijay Verma, Kuldeep Kumar Saxena, Chander Prakash, Lovi Raj Gupta, and Saurav Dixit. 2022. "Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel–Neem Biodiesel Blends" Sustainability 14, no. 13: 7913. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137913