An Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement from a Single Source—Case Study: A Secondary Road in Romania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
3. Test Methods
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Properties of RAP Milling before Processing
4.2. Properties of RAP Milling after Binder Extraction
4.3. Properties of RAP Milling after Crushing
4.4. Cluster Phenomenon
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Binder Content | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5 | Sample 6 | Sample 7 | Sample 8 | Sample 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Binder content (%) | 5.29 | 3.55 | 4.79 | 5.16 | 5.09 | 7.44 | 3.68 | 5.33 | 4.51 |
Sieve (mm) | 31.5 | 22.4 | 16 | 11.2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.125 | 0.063 | Avg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample 1 | 8.98 | 5.62 | 9.99 | 13.27 | 12.01 | 22.05 | 11.92 | 7.21 | 8.19 | 0.44 | - |
Sample 2 | 0.68 | 1.78 | 12.70 | 16.33 | 15.22 | 24.42 | 12.67 | 7.54 | 7.55 | 0.73 | - |
Sample 3 | 1.42 | 2.91 | 10.33 | 18.49 | 14.99 | 25.41 | 11.40 | 6.51 | 7.72 | 0.53 | - |
Sample 4 | 5.07 | 1.59 | 6.52 | 13.82 | 12.72 | 26.81 | 17.10 | 10.93 | 5.33 | 0.08 | - |
Sample 5 | 3.21 | 5.94 | 11.81 | 18.18 | 14.56 | 21.10 | 12.02 | 7.15 | 5.86 | 0.11 | - |
Sample 6 | 5.10 | 0.36 | 0.91 | 7.95 | 9.77 | 27.34 | 18.11 | 12.77 | 17.08 | 0.57 | - |
Sample 7 | 0.00 | 5.78 | 20.07 | 19.29 | 15.61 | 21.71 | 9.50 | 4.95 | 2.81 | 0.14 | - |
Sample 8 | 1.64 | 2.47 | 5.22 | 13.48 | 12.86 | 27.46 | 16.41 | 10.21 | 9.90 | 0.29 | - |
Sample 9 | 1.75 | 3.13 | 8.18 | 11.80 | 11.35 | 23.94 | 16.31 | 11.37 | 11.73 | 0.33 | - |
Mean | 3.10 | 3.28 | 9.52 | 14.74 | 13.23 | 24.47 | 13.94 | 8.74 | 8.47 | 0.36 | 9.08 |
St dev | 2.84 | 2.04 | 5.37 | 3.68 | 2.00 | 2.47 | 3.05 | 2.64 | 4.14 | 0.23 | 2.59 |
Cv (%) | 92 | 62 | 56 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 22 | 30 | 49 | 63 | 42 |
Uniformity | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5 | Sample 6 | Sample 7 | Sample 8 | Sample 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D60 | 10.63 | 9.41 | 9.74 | 7.96 | 11.01 | 5.67 | 12.48 | 7.37 | 7.37 |
D30 | 4.35 | 4.19 | 4.56 | 3.59 | 4.91 | 1.96 | 6.30 | 3.16 | 2.79 |
D10 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.22 | 1.42 | 1.55 | 0.60 | 2.41 | 0.98 | 0.84 |
Cu | 9.3 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 8.8 |
Cc | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Sieve (mm) | 31.5 | 22.4 | 16 | 11.2 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0.125 | 0.063 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | 96.90 | 93.60 | 84.08 | 69.36 | 56.12 | 31.67 | 17.73 | 8.99 | 0.52 | 0.17 |
Variance | 8.13 | 12.94 | 43.82 | 89.42 | 122.42 | 84.49 | 41.58 | 18.09 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
St dev | 2.85 | 3.60 | 6.62 | 9.46 | 11.06 | 9.19 | 6.45 | 4.25 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
Cv (%) | 3 | 4 | 8 | 14 | 20 | 29 | 36 | 47 | 63 | 79 |
St error | 0.95 | 1.20 | 2.21 | 3.15 | 3.69 | 3.06 | 2.15 | 1.42 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
T-stat 95% | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 |
Confidence interval (%) | 94.70 | 90.83 | 78.98 | 62.07 | 47.60 | 24.59 | 12.77 | 5.71 | 0.27 | 0.06 |
99.10 | 96.37 | 89.18 | 76.64 | 64.64 | 38.74 | 22.70 | 12.26 | 0.77 | 0.27 |
Fraction (mm) | (i) before Processing (%) | (ii) after Binder Extraction (%) | (iii) after Crushing (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Course part (C) | >4 | 68 | 40 | 38 |
Fine part (F) | ≤4 | 32 | 60 | 62 |
F/C Ratio | 0.46 | 1.5 | 1.61 |
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Cadar, R.D.; Boitor, R.M.; Dragomir, M.L. An Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement from a Single Source—Case Study: A Secondary Road in Romania. Sustainability 2022, 14, 7057. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127057
Cadar RD, Boitor RM, Dragomir ML. An Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement from a Single Source—Case Study: A Secondary Road in Romania. Sustainability. 2022; 14(12):7057. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127057
Chicago/Turabian StyleCadar, Rodica Dorina, Rozalia Melania Boitor, and Mihai Liviu Dragomir. 2022. "An Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement from a Single Source—Case Study: A Secondary Road in Romania" Sustainability 14, no. 12: 7057. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127057