3.2.2. Comparative Analysis of Industrial Structure in the Rural Areas of Chungbuk
The HHI distribution maps for 2010 and 2015 are shown in
Figure 2 and
Figure 3. The comparison shows that the industrial structure of most regions has not changed, but that the industrial structure of some regions has undergone significant changes. The specific contents are as follows.
Among the rural areas in Danyang-gun, the industrial structure of the Maepo-eup area shows a trend of concentration, while the industrial structure of Eosangcheon-myeon and Yeongchun-myeon shows a trend of decentralization, and the industrial structure of other areas shows no obvious changes. The reason for the concentration of the industrial structure of the Maepo-eup area is the rise in the proportion of the manufacturing industry from 70.23% in 2010 to 79.98% in 2015. The proportion of the construction industry dropped sharply, moving down from the top three industries. The industrial structure of the Eosangcheon-myeon area shows a trend of decentralization, because the proportion of manufacturing slumped from 59.47% in 2010 to 27.47% in 2015, and the mining industry rose from 23.65% in 2010 to 35.74% in 2015. Meanwhile, the proportion of the public administration industry increased to 13%. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Yeongchun-myeon area is that the proportion of the financial and insurance industries has dropped sharply, moving down from the top three. In 2015, the proportion of the wholesale and retail industry was 37.64%, while the share of the education service industry increased to 13.34%, and that of the accommodation and catering industries rose to 10.58%.
In the rural areas of Jecheon-si, the industrial structures of Bongyang-eup, Cheongpung-myeon, and Susan-myeon show a trend of centralization, while the industrial structures of other regions show no obvious changes. The industrial structure of the Bongyang-eup area shows a trend of concentration because the proportion of manufacturing has increased from 57.32% in 2010 to 63.68% in 2015; that is, the region is concentrated in manufacturing. The industrial structure of the Cheongpung-myeon area shows a trend of concentration because the proportion of the catering and accommodation industry has risen sharply from 49.37% in 2010 to 68.86% in 2015; that is, the region is concentrated in the catering and accommodation industries. The industrial structure of the Susan-myeon area shows a trend of concentration because the proportion of wholesale and retail industries increased from 27.01% in 2010 to 33.77%, and that of catering and accommodation industries rose from 18.23% in 2010 to 26.87% in 2015; that is, the region concentrates on the development of wholesale and retail, catering, and accommodation industries. These areas focus on the development of major regional industries.
In the rural areas of Chungju-si, the industrial structure of Sotae-myeon and Jungangtap-myeon shows a trend of decentralization, while the industrial structure of Daesowon-myeon and Suanbo-myeon shows a trend of centralization, and the industrial structure of other regions shows no obvious trend of change. The industrial structure of the Sotae-myeon region shows a decentralization trend because the proportion of the manufacturing industry has declined from 65.6% in 2010 to 47.03% in 2015. In 2015, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries accounted for 31.45% of the region’s newly emerging industries. The industrial structure of the Suanbo-myeon region shows a trend of centralization because the proportion of the education service industry has risen sharply from 37.85% to 72.15%. The industrial structure of the Daesowon-myeon region shows a trend of concentration because the share of manufacturing has increased substantially. In 2010, the manufacturing industry accounted for 51.33%, and in 2015, it accounted for 79.01%. The proportion of wholesale, retail, and educational services have both dropped sharply, indicating that the industry in the region is concentrated in manufacturing.
Among the various rural areas in Eumseong-gun, the industrial structure of the Maengdong-myeon area shows a decentralization trend, while that of Wonnam-myeon shows a concentration trend, and the industrial structure of other areas shows no obvious change. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Maengdong-myeon region is the sharp decline in the proportion of manufacturing, which dropped from 91.34% in 2010 to 65.6% in 2015, leading to an increase of 10.82% in the public administration industry. The industrial structure of the Wonnam-myeon region shows a trend of centralization because the proportion of manufacturing has risen sharply, from 62.64% in 2010 to 85.23% in 2015, and that of wholesale and retail industries has dropped from 16.83% to 4.47%; that is, the region concentrates on manufacturing development.
In the rural areas of Jincheon-gun, the industrial structures of Deoksan-myeon and Chopyeong-myeon show a trend of decentralization, whereas those of other regions show no obvious change. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Deoksan-myeon region is that the proportion of manufacturing declined from 96.32% in 2010 to 86.83% in 2015, while the proportion of wholesale and retail industries increased from 1.68% in 2010 to 8.33%. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Chopyeong-myeon region is that the share of manufacturing declined from 90.73% in 2010 to 82% in 2015, while that of wholesale and retail increased from 4.41% in 2010 to 9.69% in 2015. The main reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in these regions is the reduction in the scale of manufacturing, and the expansion of the scale of the service industry.
In the rural areas of Goesan-gun, the industrial structures of Yeonpung-myeon, Mungwang-myeon, and Sosu-myeon show a trend of decentralization, and the industrial structure of other regions shows no obvious change. The industrial structure of the Yeonpung-myeon region shows a decentralized trend because the main industry in the region was manufacturing in 2010, accounting for 34.93%, whereas in 2015, the main industry was finance and insurance, accounting for 26.81%, while agriculture, forestry, and fisheries accounted for 22.55%, and the wholesale and retail industry 18.41%. The proportion of each industry is relatively balanced. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Mungwang-myeon region is that the share of manufacturing declined from 90.1% in 2010 to 80.07% in 2015, while that of wholesale and retail increased to 10.81%. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure of the Sosu-myeon region is that the proportion of manufacturing declined from 84.46% in 2010 to 70.89% in 2015, while the proportion of wholesale and retail increased to 28.45%. The main reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in these regions is the reduction in the scale of manufacturing and the expansion of the scale of the service industry.
In the rural areas of Cheongju-si, the industrial structure of Munui-myeon shows a trend of decentralization, while the industrial structure of Naesu-eup demonstrates a concentration trend, and other regions show no obvious change. The industrial structure of the Munui-myeon region shows a decentralized trend because the share of manufacturing declined from 49.36% in 2010 to 31.27% in 2015, and the share of education services increased to 14.25%. The industrial structure of the Naesu-eup area shows a trend of concentration because the proportion of manufacturing has increased from 55.05% in 2010 to 61.53% in 2015; that is, the region’s industries are developing a focus on manufacturing.
In the rural areas of Boeun-gun, the industrial structures of Samseung-myeon and Tanbu-myeon show a trend of concentration, while the industrial structure of Songnisan-myeon and Hoein-myeon shows a trend of decentralization, and the industrial structure of other regions shows no obvious change. The industrial structure of the Samseung-myeon region shows a trend of centralization, with the share of manufacturing increasing from 73.27% in 2010 to 78.01% in 2015, and the share of educational services rising to 6.14%. The industrial structure of the Tanbum-yeon region shows a trend of centralization, with the proportion of manufacturing increasing from 43.75% in 2010 to 60.28% in 2015, and that of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries declining from 27.08% to 18.44% during the period. Specifically, the industry in this region is concentrated in manufacturing. The industrial structure of the Songnisan-myeon area shows a weak decentralization trend, and the proportion of the leisure service industry increased to 12.56% in 2015, making it a potential industry. The industrial structure of the Hoein-myeon region shows a decentralization trend, considering that the share of the manufacturing industry has declined significantly, moving down from the top three, while the share of the healthcare industry increased to 27.77%, ranking first.
In the rural areas of Okcheon-gun, the industrial structures of Gunseo-myeon, Gunbuk-myeon, Cheongseong-myeon, and Cheongsan-myeon show a trend of decentralization, whereas those of other regions show no obvious change. The reason for the decentralization of the regional industrial structure in the Gunseo-myeon region is the sharp decline in the share of manufacturing from 96.61% in 2010 to 88% in 2015. The reason for the decentralization of the regional industrial structure in the Gunbuk-myeon region is that the share of manufacturing dropped sharply, from 60.57% in 2010 to 47.67% in 2015, while the share of wholesale and retail increased to 25.54%. The decentralization of the industrial structure in the Cheongseong-myeon region can be attributed to the sharp decline in the proportion of the manufacturing industry from 64.45% in 2010 to 48.62%. In 2105, the transportation and storage industry in the region increased to 17.39%, becoming a newly emerging industry. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Cheongsan-myeon region is the sharp decline in the proportion of manufacturing from 70% in 2010 to 56.62% in 2015, and an increase in the share of other industries. The main reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in these regions is the reduction in the scale of manufacturing and the expansion of the scale of the service industry.
Among the rural areas in Yeongdong-gun, the industrial structure of Hwanggan-myeon shows a trend of concentration, while that of Maegok-myeon and Yonghwa-myeon shows a trend of decentralization, and the industrial structure of other regions shows no obvious change. The industrial structure of Hwanggan-myeon shows a centralization trend because the proportion of manufacturing has risen sharply, from 51.03% in 2010 to 62.65% in 2015. The proportion of science and technology services dropped sharply, moving down from the top three, and the wholesale and retail industries increased to 19.2%, that is, the region focused on the development of manufacturing, and the wholesale and retail industries. Maegok-myeon’s regional industrial structure has shown a decentralized trend because the proportion of manufacturing declined from 86.74% in 2010 to 62.93% in 2015. In 2015, the raw-material recycling industry increased to 17.22%, becoming a newly emerging industry. The reason for the decentralization of the industrial structure in the Yonghwa-myeon region is the sharp increase in the healthcare industry, which rose from 2.5% in 2010 to 70.2% in 2015.
Through the above analysis, it can be determined that the primary reason for the change in industrial structure in rural areas is the evolving scale of the original major industries, whereas the major industry in most areas is manufacturing. With the expansion of the scale of manufacturing, the regional industrial structure is more concentrated. With a reduction in the manufacturing scale, the regional industrial structure is decentralized. The changing trends of the industrial structure in the rural areas of Chungbuk can be roughly divided into two categories. First, the scale of the manufacturing industry has expanded, while that of other industries has shrunk; that is, the region has further developed its focus on the manufacturing industry. Second, the scale of the manufacturing industry has shrunk sharply, while that of the service industry has expanded; that is, the region has developed many dispersed industries.
Table 5 summarizes the regions in which the industrial structure has changed. The industrial structure is concentrated in the following 11 regions: Maepo-eup, Bongyang-eup, Cheongpung-myeon, Susan-myeon, Daesowon-myeon, Suanbo-Myeon, Wonnam-myeon, Naesu-eup, Samseung-myeon, Tanbu-myeon, and Hwanggan-myeon. There are 18 regions with decentralized industrial structures, as follows: Eosangcheon-myeon, Yeongchun-myeon, Sotae-myeon, Jungangtap-myeon, Maengdong-myeon, Chopyeong-myeon, Yeonpung-myeon, Mungwang-myeon, Sosu-myeon, Munui-myeon, Songnisan-myeon, Hoein-myeon, Gunseo-myeon, Gunbuk-myeon, Cheongseong-myeon, Cheongsan-myeon, Yonghwa-myeon, and Maegok-myeon.