Quantitative Study on Road Traffic Environment Complexity under Car-Following Condition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Literature Review
1.2.1. Influence of Road Traffic Environment on Drivers
1.2.2. Influence of Car-Following on Drivers
1.3. Study Aim
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Model Construction
2.1.1. Weight Calculation of Road Traffic Environmental Impact Factors
2.1.2. Construction of Road Traffic Complexity Model under Car-Following
2.2. Device and Driving Simulation Scenario
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Data Acquisition
2.4.1. Driving Simulation Data Acquisition
2.4.2. Data Collection of Road Traffic Elements
3. Results
3.1. Weight of Index
3.2. Calculation Results of Road Traffic Environment Complexity Quantification Model
3.3. Calculation Example Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The weight of the road traffic environment complexity index is calculated based on principal component analysis. The results show that the weight of the vehicle driving state in the model is 0.7105, and the weight of other lane road traffic environment factors in the model is 0.2895. It indicates that the driving state of the front and rear vehicles in the car-following process has a great influence on the driver. When analyzing the influence of road traffic environment on the driver in the car-following situation, the driving state of the car-following lane should be emphatically analyzed.
- (2)
- We determine the early warning value according to TTC. When the complexity of road traffic environment is [0.75, 0.85], the early warning system is prompted for early warning. When the value is greater than 0.85, the driver is warned for early warning. The warning value calculated by this model is 2–5% higher than that calculated by TTC, which can be applied to the driving assistance system to ensure driving safety.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Code | Index | Code |
---|---|---|---|
Distance (m) | X1 | Pedestrian pixel area (px2) | X8 |
Self car speed (km/h) | X2 | Car pixel area (px2) | X9 |
Front car speed (km/h) | X3 | Bicycle pixel area (px2) | X10 |
Steering wheel operation (%) | X4 | Pixel area of the traffic signal light (px2) | X11 |
Open throttle pedal (%) | X5 | Speed limit card pixel area (px2) | X12 |
Brake pedal opening and closing degree (%) | X6 | Road alignment pixel area (px2) | X13 |
Bus pixel area (px2) | X7 |
Target Object/RGB Scope | R | G | B |
---|---|---|---|
Bus | [55, 75] | [215, 224] | [125, 140] |
Pedestrian | [255, 256] | [45, 60] | [45, 60] |
Car | [250, 256] | [110, 120] | [20, 35] |
Bicycle | [250, 256] | [150, 165] | [145, 155] |
Signboard | [80, 170] | [10, 70] | [10, 70] |
Traffic light | [0, 10] | [205, 224] | [180, 195] |
Road marking | [160, 220] | [170, 220] | [170, 220] |
Number of KMO Sampling | 0.801 | |
Bartlett spherical test | Approximate chi square | 939.589 |
Free degree | 78 | |
Significance | 0 |
Indicators\Loads | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 0.205 | 0.602 | 0.178 | −0.097 | 0.206 | 0.366 |
X2 | 0.853 | −0.058 | −0.169 | 0.167 | −0.055 | 0.064 |
X3 | 0.831 | −0.249 | −0.134 | −0.012 | 0.026 | 0.011 |
X4 | −0.122 | −0.065 | −0.224 | 0.045 | −0.218 | 0.562 |
X5 | 0.268 | 0.715 | 0.111 | 0.066 | −0.04 | 0.016 |
X6 | 0.041 | 0.524 | −0.06 | 0.138 | 0.048 | −0.333 |
X7 | 0.335 | −0.037 | 0.21 | −0.471 | 0.03 | −0.384 |
X8 | −0.001 | 0.085 | 0.674 | 0.197 | −0.383 | 0.118 |
X9 | 0.161 | −0.271 | 0.274 | 0.373 | 0.25 | −0.064 |
X10 | −0.002 | 0.23 | −0.62 | −0.15 | −0.175 | 0.1 |
X11 | 0.061 | −0.104 | 0.191 | −0.248 | 0.619 | 0.48 |
X12 | −0.204 | 0.123 | −0.201 | 0.203 | 0.609 | −0.235 |
X13 | 0.031 | −0.002 | −0.113 | 0.768 | 0.046 | 0.061 |
Component | Extraction of Square Sum of Loads | ||
---|---|---|---|
Total | Variance Proportion | Accumulation (%) | |
1 | 1.734 | 13.338 | 13.338 |
2 | 1.378 | 10.602 | 23.939 |
3 | 1.192 | 9.171 | 33.111 |
4 | 1.177 | 9.057 | 42.168 |
5 | 1.095 | 8.419 | 50.587 |
6 | 1.029 | 7.917 | 58.504 |
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Liu, W.; Chen, Y.; Li, H.; Zhang, H. Quantitative Study on Road Traffic Environment Complexity under Car-Following Condition. Sustainability 2022, 14, 6251. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106251
Liu W, Chen Y, Li H, Zhang H. Quantitative Study on Road Traffic Environment Complexity under Car-Following Condition. Sustainability. 2022; 14(10):6251. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106251
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Wenlong, Yixin Chen, Hongtao Li, and Hui Zhang. 2022. "Quantitative Study on Road Traffic Environment Complexity under Car-Following Condition" Sustainability 14, no. 10: 6251. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106251