The Effect of Cultural Orientations on Country Innovation Performance: Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Revisited?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework
2.1. Innovation Theory
2.2. Performance and Humane Orientation as Categories of the Cultural Dimension
3. Methodology
3.1. Data
3.2. Globe Project
3.3. GEI
3.4. Model
4. Results
4.1. Trajectory Specification
Description of the Trajectories
5. Conclusions
6. Managerial Contribution
7. Limitations and Future Research Lines
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model GMA | LL | AIC | CAIC | BIC | ABIC | aLMR | BLRT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Profile | −1542.910 | 3101.820 | 3144.743 | 3138.745 | 3113.342 | - | - |
2. Profiles | −1484.812 | 2991.624 | 3053.400 | 3042.400 | 3007.474 | 0.020 | <0.002 |
3. Profiles | −1441.844 | 2911.680 | 2990.312 | 2976.314 | 2931.863 | <0.002 | <0.002 |
4. Profiles | −1400.110 | 2834.224 | 2929.698 | 2912.697 | 2858.715 | 0.519 | <0.002 |
5. Profiles | −1381.955 | 2805.912 | 2918.234 | 2898.234 | 2834.725 | 0.055 | <0.002 |
6. Profiles | −1365.544 | 2781.089 | 2910.258 | 2887.258 | 2814.222 | 0.227 | <0.002 |
Controls Results | |||||||
Null effects | −1305.780 | 2645.557 | 2739.405 | 2722.410 | 2668.433 | - | - |
Effects on Profile | −1295.997 | 2649.996 | 2910.093 | 2781.093 | 2689.018 | 0.020 | <0.002 |
Effects on Profile, Intercept | −1292.986 | 2651.872 | 2834.153 | 2801.093 | 2696.374 | 0.017 | <0.002 |
Effects on Profile, Intercept, Slope number (var.) | −1266.584 | 2655.170 | 2991.928 | 2930.928 | 2737.257 | 0.050 | <0.002 |
Profile 1 (Higher) Mean [Interval] | Profile 2 (Moderate) Mean [Interval] | Profile 3 (Declining) Mean [Interval] | Profile 4 (Unstable) Mean [Interval] | Differences | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Institutions * Cultural Orientation | |||||
Time 2011 | −0.434 [−0.504; −0.922] | 0.839 [0.755; 0.922] | 0.278 [−0.045; 0.601] | 1.298 [1.080; 1.512] | 4 > 2 > 3> 1 |
Time 2016 | −0.374 [−0.443; −0.304] | 0.723 [0.631; 0.810] | 0.740 [0.475; 1.005] | 0.376 [0.010; 0.744] | 2 = 3 = 4 > 1 |
Time 2021 | −0.337 [−0.405; −0.265] | 0.704 [0.617; 0.793] | 1.238 [1.086; 1.392] | −0.309 [−0.695;0.076] | 3> 2 > 1 = 4 |
Market Sophistication * Cultural Orientation | |||||
Time 2011 | 0.586 [0.532; 0.639] | −0.866 [−0.598; −0.774] | −0.370 [−0.678; −0.063] | −1.318 [−1.643; −0.9920] | 1> 3 > 2 > 4 |
Time 2016 | 0.518 [0.461; 0.570] | −0.856 [−0.943; −0.764] | −0.819 [−1.110; −0.528] | −0.660 [−1.017; −0302] | 1 > 2 = 3 = 4 |
Time 2021 | 0.468 [0.412; 0.522] | −0.854 [−0.948; −0.760] | −1.134 [−1.385; −0.883] | 0.074 [−0.279; 0.427] | 1 > 4 > 2 > 3 |
Business Sophistication * Cultural Orientation | |||||
Time 2016 | 0.439 [0.377; 0.500] | −0.806 [−0.886; −0.726] | −0.779 [−1.045; −0.512] | −0.305 [−0.640; 0.027] | 1 > 4 > 2 = 3 |
Time 2021 | 0.438 [0.469; 0.468] | −0.785 [−0.856; −0.705] | −1.192 [−1.396; −0.987] | 1.065 [0.698; 1.434] | 4 > 1 > 2 > 3 |
Cultural Orientation | |||||
Time 2016 | 0.247 [0.183; 0.310] | −0.476 [−0.597; −0.356] | −0.532 [−0.909; −0.157] | −0.009 [−0.389; 0.371] | 1 > 2 = 3; 4 > 2; 1 = 4; 3 = 4 |
Time 2021 | 0.229 [0.173; 0.287] | −0.456 [−0.570; −0.342] | −0.845 [−0.246; −0.443] | 1.098 [0.759; 1.436] | 4 > 1 > 2 = 3 |
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Escandon-Barbosa, D.; Ramirez, A.; Salas-Paramo, J. The Effect of Cultural Orientations on Country Innovation Performance: Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Revisited? Sustainability 2022, 14, 5851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105851
Escandon-Barbosa D, Ramirez A, Salas-Paramo J. The Effect of Cultural Orientations on Country Innovation Performance: Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Revisited? Sustainability. 2022; 14(10):5851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105851
Chicago/Turabian StyleEscandon-Barbosa, Diana, Agustin Ramirez, and Jairo Salas-Paramo. 2022. "The Effect of Cultural Orientations on Country Innovation Performance: Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Revisited?" Sustainability 14, no. 10: 5851. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105851