Revealing Consumer Behavior toward Green Consumption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Green Products
- ▪ Should not be dangerous to the health of people and animals;
- ▪ Should not harm the environment during its production, use and disposal;
- ▪ Should not consume a disproportionate amount of energy and resources during its production, use and disposal;
- ▪ Should not cause waste due to excessive packaging.
- Provide an opportunity to reduce global environmental problems;
- Energy saving;
- Do not create pollution;
- Ease of repair;
- Designed to be reused or recycled;
- Produced with minimal packaging;
- Produced from renewable resources;
- Based on the security principle;
- Produced from local sources to reduce distribution costs;
- Designed to meet genuine and sincere human needs;
- Provide sufficient information on the label;
- Harmless to human health;
- Do not contain harmful substances;
- Not tested on animals.
2.2. Green Consumers
- Active green consumers whose purchasing behavior is largely shaped by environmental concerns;
- Passive green consumers whose purchasing behavior is partly shaped by environmental concerns.
2.3. Green Consumption Behavior
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Research Technique and Questions
- ✓ I prefer reusable products to disposable ones.
- ✓ I prefer to buy the same product in a larger package.
- ✓ I use the product until it is completely worn out.
- ✓ I buy used goods to reduce unnecessary consumption.
- ✓ I separate waste, such as paper, glass, plastic bottles, batteries, etc.
- ✓ I want to receive documents by e-mail so as not to use extra paper.
- ✓ Instead of buying products that I will use temporarily, I borrow them from my relatives and friends.
- ✓ I don’t use a plastic bag and put groceries in my bag when I’m shopping.
- ✓ I donate unused clothes to those who need them.
- ✓ I prefer to buy products that blend quickly with nature.
- ✓ I buy packaged products made from recycled papers.
- ✓ I buy products made from environmentally friendly materials.
- ✓ I pay attention to the type of energy I use so as not to increase air pollution.
- ✓ Although expensive, I buy lamps that consume less electricity.
- ✓ I buy energy-saving electrical appliances.
- ✓ When the weather gets colder, I prefer to wear warm clothes rather than raise the temperature.
- ✓ I turn off unnecessary lights.
- ✓ While brushing my teeth, washing dishes, etc., I turn off the faucet.
- “What characteristics do survey participants attribute to environmental products?”
- “What factors do survey participants pay attention to when consuming?”
- “What are the main characteristics of the ecological consumer behavior of the survey participants?”
3.2. Research Scope
4. Data Analysis and Findings
4.1. General Characteristics of Survey Participants
4.2. Results for Survey Participants’ Statements on Definition of Green Products
4.3. Results for Indicators That Consumers Paid Attention To
4.4. Data Analysis and Results for Items Oriented toward Measuring Environmental Consumer Behavior
- -
- “I donate unused clothes to those who need them.” (0.725 and 0.748);
- -
- “I don’t use a plastic bag and put groceries in my bag when I’m shopping.” (0.580 and 0.593);
- -
- “I use the product until it is completely worn out.” (0.715 and 0.791);
- -
- “Although expensive, I buy lamps that consume less electricity.” (0.814 and 0.863).
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Number | Percent (%) | Number | Percent (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Marital Status | ||||
Male | 253 | 47.2 | Married | 217 | 40.5 |
Female | 283 | 52.8 | Single | 319 | 59.5 |
Education Level | Number of Household Members | ||||
High school | 58 | 10.8 | Up to 2 people | 119 | 22.2 |
Bachelor’s | 348 | 64.9 | 3 or 4 people | 185 | 34.5 |
Master’s | 98 | 18.3 | 5 or 6 people | 143 | 26.7 |
Ph.D | 32 | 6 | More than 6 people | 89 | 16.6 |
Monthly Income | Shopping Frequency | ||||
Up to 300 manats | 123 | 22.9 | Every day | 160 | 29.9 |
Between 300–600 manats | 199 | 37.1 | 2–3 times a week | 133 | 24.8 |
Between 601–1000 manats | 89 | 16.6 | Once a week | 94 | 17.5 |
Between 1001–1500 manats | 98 | 18.3 | 2–3 times a month | 71 | 13.2 |
More than 1500 manats | 27 | 5.04 | Once a month | 78 | 14.6 |
Age | |||||
18–29 years | 189 | 35.3 | |||
30–45 years | 155 | 28.9 | |||
46–64 years | 94 | 17.5 | |||
65 years and over | 98 | 18.3 | |||
N = 535 |
Appendix B
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy | 0.813 | |
---|---|---|
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity | Approx. Chi-Square | 10,216.520 |
Df | 351 | |
Sig. | <0.001 |
Appendix C
Pattern Matrix a | Cronbach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Component | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | ||
Production and expiration date | −0.709 | |||
Being eco-friendly | −0.690 | |||
Freshness | −0.612 | 0.504 | ||
Ingredients | −0.402 | |||
Brand | 0.843 | 0.849 | ||
Expert opinions | 0.832 | |||
Appearance | 0.755 | |||
Price | 0.762 | 0.813 | ||
Label information | 0.624 | |||
Advertising | 0.891 |
Appendix D
Component 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Box’s Test Sig. | Pillai’s Trace Sig. | Wilks’ Lambda Sig. | Levene’s Test (Based on Mean) | |||
Brand | Expert Opinions | Appearance | ||||
Gender | 0.001 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.816 | 0.532 | 0.970 |
Marital status | 0.005 | 0.053 | 0.548 | 0.589 | 0.742 | 0.604 |
Education level | 0.030 | 0.096 | 0.513 | 0.232 | 0.789 | 0.563 |
Income | 0.683 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.871 | 0.425 | 0.386 |
Number of household members | 0.542 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.140 | 0.158 | 0.013 |
Shopping frequency | 0.025 | 0.083 | 0.263 | 0.708 | 0.391 | 0.663 |
Age | 0.014 | 0.057 | 0.384 | 0.047 | 0.104 | 0.393 |
Component 3 | ||||||
Box’s Test Sig. | Pillai’s Trace Sig. | Wilks’ Lambda Sig. | Levene’s Test (Based on Mean) | |||
Price | Label Information | Advertising | ||||
Gender | 0.003 | 0.084 | 0.156 | 0.003 | 0.089 | 0.367 |
Marital Status | 0.001 | 0.091 | 0.329 | 0.360 | 0.419 | 0.224 |
Education level | 0.136 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.270 | 0.163 |
Income | 0.762 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.896 | 0.733 | 0.382 |
Number of household members | 0.294 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.452 | 0.046 | 0.012 |
Shopping frequency | 0.000 | 0.065 | 0.352 | 0.031 | 0.014 | 0.524 |
Age | 0.000 | 0.043 | 0.572 | 0.429 | 0.603 | 0.187 |
Appendix E
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy | 0.805 | |
---|---|---|
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity | Approx. Chi-Square | 11,317.065 |
Df | 453 | |
Sig. | <0.001 |
Appendix F
Pattern Matrix a | Cronbach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Component | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
Instead of buying products that I will use temporarily, I borrow them from my relatives and friends. | 0.679 | ||||
I prefer to buy the same product in a larger package. | 0.594 | ||||
I want to receive documents by e-mail so as not to use extra paper. | 0.707 | 0.835 | |||
I buy packaged products made from recycled paper. | −0.853 | ||||
I buy products made from environmentally friendly materials. | −0.573 | ||||
I prefer to buy products that blend quickly with nature. | −0.680 | ||||
When the weather gets colder, I prefer to wear warm clothes rather than raise the temperature. | −0.827 | 0.449 | |||
I prefer reusable products to disposable ones. | 0.747 | ||||
I turn off unnecessary lights. | −0.658 | ||||
I buy energy-saving electrical appliances. | −0.635 | ||||
While brushing my teeth, washing dishes, etc., I turn off the faucet. | −0.623 | 0.769 | |||
I pay attention to the type of energy I use so as not to increase air pollution. | 0.745 | ||||
I buy used goods to reduce unnecessary consumption. | 0.648 | ||||
I separate waste such as paper, glass, plastic bottles, batteries, etc. | 0.405 | 0.803 |
Appendix G
Component 1 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Box’s Test Sig. | Pillai’s Trace Sig. | Wilks’ Lambda Sig. | Levene’s Test (Based on Mean) | ||||||||
Instead of buying products that I will use temporarily, I borrow them from my relatives and friends. | I prefer to buy the same product in a larger package. | I want to receive documents by e-mail so as not to use extra paper. | |||||||||
Gender | 0.020 | 0.035 | 0.305 | 0.325 | 0.783 | 0.453 | |||||
Marital status | 0.001 | 0.087 | 0.276 | 0.275 | 0.301 | 0.705 | |||||
Education level | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.330 | 0.137 | 0.436 | 0.273 | |||||
Income | 0.351 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.482 | 0.120 | 0.032 | |||||
Number of household members | 0.016 | 0.001 | 0.0049 | 0.307 | 0.644 | 0.258 | |||||
Shopping frequency | 0.003 | 0.169 | 0.204 | 0.568 | 0.432 | 0.345 | |||||
Age | 0.487 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.008 | 0.638 | 0.597 | |||||
Component 3 | |||||||||||
Box’s Test Sig. | Pillai’s Trace Sig. | Wilks’ Lambda Sig. | Levene’s Test (Based on Mean) | ||||||||
I prefer reusable products to disposable ones. | I turn off unnecessary lights. | I buy energy-saving electrical appliances. | While brushing my teeth, washing dishes, etc., I turn off the faucet. | ||||||||
Gender | 0.001 | 0.029 | 0.000 | 0.240 | 0.373 | 0.544 | 0.743 | ||||
Marital status | 0.243 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.358 | 0.011 | 0.493 | 0.022 | ||||
Education level | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.518 | 0.407 | 0.190 | 0.673 | ||||
Income | 0.825 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.792 | 0.435 | 0.044 | 0.763 | ||||
Number of household members | 0.810 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.027 | 0.042 | 0.693 | 0.521 | ||||
Shopping frequency | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.761 | 0.264 | 0.534 | 0.324 | 0.753 | ||||
Age | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.007 | 0.621 | 0.614 | 0.021 | 0.279 | ||||
Component 4 | |||||||||||
Box’s Test Sig. | Pillai’s Trace Sig. | Wilks’ Lambda Sig. | Levene’s Test (Based on Mean) | ||||||||
I pay attention to the type of energy I use so as not to increase air pollution. | I buy used goods to reduce unnecessary consumption. | I separate waste such as paper, glass, plastic bottles, batteries, etc. | |||||||||
Gender | 0.020 | 0.060 | 0.000 | 0.091 | 0.543 | 0.274 | |||||
Marital status | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.282 | 0.365 | 0.327 | |||||
Education level | 0.000 | 0.038 | 0.000 | 0.438 | 0.439 | 0.193 | |||||
Income | 0.404 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.228 | 0.471 | 0.221 | |||||
Number of household members | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.536 | 0.126 | 0.437 | |||||
Shopping frequency | 0.028 | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.197 | 0.098 | 0.490 | |||||
Age | 0.653 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.472 | 0.019 | 0.024 |
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Zeynalova, Z.; Namazova, N. Revealing Consumer Behavior toward Green Consumption. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105806
Zeynalova Z, Namazova N. Revealing Consumer Behavior toward Green Consumption. Sustainability. 2022; 14(10):5806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105806
Chicago/Turabian StyleZeynalova, Zivar, and Natavan Namazova. 2022. "Revealing Consumer Behavior toward Green Consumption" Sustainability 14, no. 10: 5806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105806
APA StyleZeynalova, Z., & Namazova, N. (2022). Revealing Consumer Behavior toward Green Consumption. Sustainability, 14(10), 5806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105806