Aggregated Roles of Smartphones in Young Adults’ Leisure and Well-Being: A Diary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Smartphones, Hybrid Spaces and Leisure
2.2. The Hybrid Space as a Playground
2.3. Dangers of the Hybrid Space
2.4. Digital Well-Being
3. Methods
4. Findings
5. Discussion and Conclusions
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Quote |
---|---|
“deprivation” | “After waking up, I alternated between being hung on my phone and trying to rest; […] it would have been enough for me to wake up [later]; I was still tired, but didn’t manage to fall asleep.” (#02) |
“cocooning” | “I woke up. Usually, unfortunately, my first thing is to look at the news, my social media pages. I always wonder what happened while I slept.” (#01) “I’m already in bed. At such times, unfortunately, I almost always reach for my phone” (#20) |
“separator”|“FOMO” | “I was reassured to find that I haven’t missed out on anything; but [using my mobile] was totally adequate for relaxation” (#42) “I was browsing through my mobile; I checked on social media to see what had happened […] to see what the others do.” (#06) |
“separator”|“company” | “I was glad I could watch YouTube [while eating], because I didn’t feel alone that way” (#29) “I tend to listen to music or podcasts [on my phone] while cooking, but today [exceptionally] I had company, so I didn’t need to do that.” (#12) “Lunch with the near family. These [...] happen quite rarely; [...] the time passes with conversations. I didn’t use my phone” (#03) |
“separator”|“(un)consciousness” | “All of the family was together; we had dinner and talked. At these occasions, I try not to be hung on my phone, but sometimes it’s hard because I sometimes get an important message.” (#12) “In the meantime, I didn’t use my phone actively, but I replied to a message, for example” (#29) “I was browsing through the internet a little”; “I kept on scrolling through social media” |
“separator”| “self-reward” | “I was pleasantly tired of learning, [so] I ran through a few news pages on my phone, but didn’t use it for long” (#03) “Phone pause from studying. […] after concentrating on learning for a longer time, I take my phone into my hands and look around my Instagram; I didn’t have time to watch it in full during the morning, but I remained curious” (#07) “A little break from learning, mostly watching videos on YouTube [...]. Returning to learning [...] I tried to get deep into learning again, but I had a bit of a hard time bouncing back.” (#08) |
“timelessness” | “this was followed by watching YouTube videos, I spent a lot of time with it, I’m a little ashamed of myself sometimes that I get so lost in it.” (#45) “I was browsing on Instagram. I think this time is a bit wasted, even though it was relaxing” (#46) “I still felt like I wasn’t rested enough, so I spent more time on the phone. At the time, I felt that I needed it, but at the end of the day, I usually realize that it’s not healthy to watch the screen in my spare time and also for my duties (being in online education).” (#53) “Watching YouTube videos. I tried watching less Netflix lately, [...] but it wouldn’t really matter because I spend a lot of time with [YouTube], too” (#57) |
Dimension | Quote |
---|---|
“enabler” | “My smartphone is useful because I can handle a lot of duties and get access to any information. However, I am often so absorbed by my screen that I don’t notice what’s really going on around me in the real world. I have ambivalent feelings about my smartphone, but I find it mostly helpful and it makes a meaningful contribution to my life.” (#28) |
“attention holder” | “It’s easy to forget about the surrounding world while using your smartphone. This can have a (negative) effect on my pre-planned agenda. It also takes valuable minutes when I forget to live real events because I have my phone in my hand.” (#14) |
“addictive” | “Using my smartphone in my leisure time is partly positive, partly negative. I think you can use your smartphone for many useful things, which I am used to. However, I think I’m somewhat addicted to it and it’s almost always an active part of my free time, which isn’t necessarily positive.” (#06) “My smartphone has a lot of apps that are useless and absorb a lot of time out of my life. I scroll social media platforms very often, which is also waste of time. These are the ones that I think are the main negative effects and which make you a little addicted by influencing your free time. (#12) Not pathologically, but my smartphone made me addicted. When I think about what I usually do in my leisure time and think that I always have my phone with me during these activities, it’s just crazy. Anytime I reply to a message, a notification, or and event, it was like I had a conceited beep on my phone. Thinking about these episodes, it’s like my smartphone limits my free time.” (#52) |
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Irimiás, A.; Csordás, T.; Kiss, K.; Michalkó, G. Aggregated Roles of Smartphones in Young Adults’ Leisure and Well-Being: A Diary Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084133
Irimiás A, Csordás T, Kiss K, Michalkó G. Aggregated Roles of Smartphones in Young Adults’ Leisure and Well-Being: A Diary Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13(8):4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084133
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrimiás, Anna, Tamás Csordás, Kornélia Kiss, and Gábor Michalkó. 2021. "Aggregated Roles of Smartphones in Young Adults’ Leisure and Well-Being: A Diary Study" Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084133