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Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/su13073660
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Article

Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

by
Rathna Hor
1,2,
Phanna Ly
2,
Agusta Samodra Putra
3,4,
Riaru Ishizaki
1,
Tofael Ahamed
4 and
Ryozo Noguchi
4,*
1
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
2
Faculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 2695, Cambodia
3
Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong 15314, Indonesia
4
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(7), 3660; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073660
Submission received: 17 February 2021 / Revised: 19 March 2021 / Accepted: 19 March 2021 / Published: 25 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Farm to Fork: Balancing the Needs for Sustainable Food Production and Food for Health Promotion)
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Abstract

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.
Keywords: carbon dioxide emission; Cambodian food; life cycle assessment; nutrient-rich diet carbon dioxide emission; Cambodian food; life cycle assessment; nutrient-rich diet

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hor, R.; Ly, P.; Putra, A.S.; Ishizaki, R.; Ahamed, T.; Noguchi, R. Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073660

AMA Style

Hor R, Ly P, Putra AS, Ishizaki R, Ahamed T, Noguchi R. Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability. 2021; 13(7):3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hor, Rathna, Phanna Ly, Agusta Samodra Putra, Riaru Ishizaki, Tofael Ahamed, and Ryozo Noguchi. 2021. "Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment" Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073660

APA Style

Hor, R., Ly, P., Putra, A. S., Ishizaki, R., Ahamed, T., & Noguchi, R. (2021). Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability, 13(7), 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073660

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