Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) Acceptance: The Role of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) for Higher Education Sustainability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Model and Hypotheses Development
2.1. Social Influence (SI)
2.2. Perceived Usefulness (PU)
2.3. Perceived Ease of Use (PEU)
2.4. Perceived Enjoyment (PE)
2.5. Task-Technology-Fit (TTF)
2.6. MOOCs Use as Sustainability (MUS)
2.7. Students Satisfaction (SS)
2.8. Students’ Academic Performance (SAP)
3. Research Methodology
Model of Measurement
4. Analysis and Results
4.1. Measurement Construct Validity
4.2. Measurement Validity That Is Convergent
4.3. Measurement Validity That Is Convergent
4.4. The Analysis of the Structural Model
5. Discussion and Implications
- First, we build on previous work on MOOCs by stressing the role of task-technology fit (TTF) as a factor in higher education sustainability. Our findings show that MOOCs may have a sustainability effect on student satisfaction and academic performance.
- Second, this study emphasized the importance of combining perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and social influence when they contributes to task-technology fit and MOOC use as a sustainability strategy in higher education.
- Finally, our model offers an integrated approach to understanding the role of task-technology fit (TTF) as a sustainability factor in higher education, which has previously been studied primarily from the viewpoint of technology acceptance.
Conclusions and Future Works
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Voss, B.D. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): A Primer for University and College Board Members; AGB Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges: Washington, DC, USA, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Shah, D. By the Numbers: MOOCS in 2017. Available online: https://www.class-central.com/report/mooc-stats-2017/ (accessed on 18 January 2019).
- Kizilcec, R.F.; Pérez-Sanagustín, M.; Maldonado, J.J. Self-regulated learning strategies predict learner behavior and goal attainment in Massive Open Online Courses. Comput. Educ. 2017, 104, 18–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rodriguez, B.C.P.; Nieto, M.C.R. How to Run a Massive Open Online Course Once the Funding is Over. In European MOOCs Stakeholders Summit; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 156–161. [Google Scholar]
- Fischer, G. Beyond hype and underestimation: Identifying research challenges for the future of MOOCs. Distance Educ. 2014, 35, 149–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Finkle, T.A.; Masters, E. Do MOOCs Pose a Threat to Higher Education? Res. High. Educ. J. 2014, 26, 10. [Google Scholar]
- Hollands, F.M.; Tirthali, D. Why Do Institutions Offer MOOCs? Online Learn. 2014, 18, n3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Alsina, Á.; Mulà, I. Advancing towards a transformational professional competence model through reflective learning and sustainability: The case of mathematics teacher education. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4039. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Calvo, S.; Lyon, F.; Morales, A.; Wade, J. Educating at scale for sustainable development and social enterprise growth: The impact of online learning and a massive open online course (MOOC). Sustainability 2020, 12, 3247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhan, Z.; Fong, P.S.; Mei, H.; Chang, X.; Liang, T.; Ma, Z. Sustainability education in massive open online courses: A content analysis approach. Sustainability 2015, 7, 2274–2300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dirk, M.; Jeremy, M. Corporate Social Responsibility Education in Europe. J. Bus. Ethics 2004, 54, 323–337. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, Y.-C.J.; Huang, S.; Kuo, L.; Wu, W.H. Management Education for Sustainability: A Web-Based Content Analysis; Academy of Management Learning & Education: Briarcliff Manor, NY, USA, 2010; Volume 9, pp. 520–531. [Google Scholar]
- Beltrán Hernández de Galindo, M.D.J.; Romero-Rodríguez, L.M.; Ramirez Montoya, M.S. Entrepreneurship competencies in energy sustainability MOOCs. J. Entrep. Emerg. Econ. 2019, 11, 598–616. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davis, F.D. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. Mis. Q. 1989, 13, 319–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Goodhue, D.L.; Thompson, R.L. Task–technology and individual performance. Mis. Q. 1995, 19, 213–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Närman, P.; Holm, H.; Höök, D.; Honeth, N.; Johnson, P. Using enterprise architecture and technology adoption models to predict application usage. J. Syst. Softw. 2012, 85, 1953–1967. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, D.Y.; Lehto, M.R. User Acceptance of YouTube for Procedural Learning: An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model. Comput. Educ. 2013, 61, 193–208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, B.; Chen, X. Continuance intention to use MOOCs: Integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) and task technology (TTF) model. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2017, 67, 221–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Aldraiweesh, A.; Yahaya, N.; Kamin, Y.B. Massive open online courses (MOOCS): Systematic literature review in Malaysian higher education. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2018, 7, 2197–2202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ifinedo, P. Applying uses and gratifications theory and social influence processes to understand students’ pervasive adoption of social networking sites: Perspectives from the Americas. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 2016, 36, 192–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venkatesh, V.; Morris, M.G.; Davis, G.B.; Davis, F.D. User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. Mis Q. 2003, 27, 425–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, M.C. Explaining and predicting users’ continuance intention toward elearning: An extension of the expectation-confirmation model. Comput. Educ. 2010, 54, 506–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davis, F.D.; Bagozzi, R.P.; Warshaw, P.R. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Manag. Sci. 1989, 35, 982–1003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Alenazy, W.M.; Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Khan, M.S. Validation of TAM model on social media use for collaborative learning to enhance collaborative authoring. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 71550–71562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Maatouk, Q.; Othman, M.S.; Aldraiweesh, A.; Alturki, U.; Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Aljeraiwi, A.A. Task-technology fit and technology acceptance model application to structure and evaluate the adoption of social media in academia. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 78427–78440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alraimi, K.M.; Zo, H.J.; Ciganek, A.P. Understanding the MOOCs continuance: The role of openness and reputation. Comput. Educ. 2015, 80, 28–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alalwan, N.; Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Alfarraj, O.; Alzahrani, A.; Yahaya, N.; Al-Rahmi, A.M. Integrated three theories to develop a model of factors affecting students’ academic performance in higher education. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 98725–98742. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hong, J.Y.; Suh, E.H.; Kim, S.J. Context-aware systems: A literature review and classification. Expert Syst. Appl. 2009, 36, 8509–8522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Yahaya, N.; Aldraiweesh, A.A.; Alturki, U.; Alamri, M.M.; Saud, M.S.B.; Kamin, Y.B.; Aljeraiwi, A.A. Big data adoption and knowledge management sharing: An empirical investigation on their adoption and sustainability as a purpose of education. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 47245–47258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Rahmi, W.; Aldraiweesh, A.; Yahaya, N.; Kamin, Y.B.; Zeki, A.M. Massive open online courses (MOOCs): Data on higher education. Data Brief 2019, 22, 118–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alyoussef, I.Y.; Alamri, M.M.; Al-Rahmi, W.M. Social media use (SMU) for teaching and learning in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng. 2019, 8, 942–946. [Google Scholar]
- Mulik, S.; Yajnik, N.; Godse, M. Determinants of acceptance of massive open online courses. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Technology for Education (T4E), Mumbai, India, 2–4 December 2016; pp. 124–127. [Google Scholar]
- Deng, J. Research on Higher Vocational Students’ Acceptance and Use of MOOC in Web Software Development Course. Boletín Técnico 2017, 55, 689–695, ISSN 0376-723X. [Google Scholar]
- Venkatesh, V.; Thong, J.Y.; Xu, X. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Mis Q. 2012, 36, 157–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Alzahrani, A.I.; Yahaya, N.; Alalwan, N.; Kamin, Y.B. Digital communication: Information and communication technology (ICT) usage for education sustainability. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5052. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aljukhadar, M.; Senecal, S.; Nantel, J. Is more always better? Investigating the task-technology fit theory in an online user context. Inf. Manag. 2014, 51, 391–397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alamri, M.M.; Almaiah, M.A.; Al-Rahmi, W.M. The Role of Compatibility and Task-Technology Fit (TTF): On Social Networking Applications (SNAs) Usage as Sustainability in Higher Education. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 161668–161681. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moafa, F.A.; Ahmad, K.; Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Yahaya, N.; Kamin, Y.B.; Alamri, M.M. Develop a model to measure the ethical effects of students through social media use. IEEE Access 2018, 6, 56685–56699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alario-Hoyos, C.; Perez-Sanagustin, M.; Delgado-Kloos, C.; Parada, H.A.; Munoz-Organero, M. Delving into participants’ profiles and use of social tools in MOOCs. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 2014, 7, 260–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chiappe-Laverde, A.; Hine, N.; Martinez-Silva, J.A. Literature and practice: A critical review of MOOCs. Comunicar 2015, 44, 9–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhou, M.M. Chinese university students’ acceptance of MOOCs: A self determination perspective. Comput. Educ. 2016, 92–93, 194–203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Othman, M.S.; Yusuf, L.M. Exploring the factors that affect student satisfaction through using e-learning in Malaysian higher education institutions. Mediterr. J. Soc. Sci. 2015, 6, 299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abuhassna, H.; Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Yahya, N.; Zakaria, M.A.Z.M.; Kosnin, A.B.M.; Darwish, M. Development of a new model on utilizing online learning platforms to improve students’ academic achievements and satisfaction. Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 2020, 17, 1–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moore, J.C. A Synthesis of Sloan-C Effective Practices, December 2011. J. Asynchronous Learn. Netw. 2012, 16, 91–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, H.B.; Kim, T.T.; Shin, S.W. Modeling roles of subjective norms and eTrust in customers’ acceptance of airline B2C eCommerce websites. Tour. Manag. 2009, 30, 266–277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Yahaya, N.; Aldraiweesh, A.A.; Alamri, M.M.; Aljarboa, N.A.; Alturki, U.; Aljeraiwi, A.A. Integrating technology acceptance model with innovation diffusion theory: An empirical investigation on students’ intention to use E-learning systems. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 26797–26809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Culibrk, L.; Croft, C.A.; Tebbutt, S.J. Systems biology approaches for host–fungal interactions: An expanding multi-omics frontier. Omics J. Integr. Biol. 2016, 20, 127–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Schuwirth, L.W.; van der Vleuten, C.P. A plea for new psychometric models in educational assessment. Med. Educ. 2006, 40, 296–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alamri, M.M.; Almaiah, M.A.; Al-Rahmi, W.M. Social media applications affecting Students’ academic performance: A model developed for sustainability in higher education. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6471. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ye, C.; Biswas, G. Early prediction of student dropout and performance in MOOCs using higher granularity temporal information. J. Learn. Anal. 2014, 1, 169–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rueda, L.; Benitez, J.; Braojos, J. From traditional education technologies to student satisfaction in Management education: A theory of the role of social media applications. Inf. Manag. 2017, 54, 1059–1071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sekaran, U.; Bougie, R. Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Hair, J.F.; Risher, J.; Sarstedt, M.; Ringle, C. When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. Eur. Bus. Rev. 2019, 31, 2–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, B.; Zhang, C.Y. Empirical study on continuance intentions towards ELearning 2.0 systems. Behav. Inf. Technol. 2014, 33, 1027–1038. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, T.; Suh, Y.K.; Lee, G.; Choi, B.G. Modelling roles of task-technology fit and self-efficacy in hotel employees’ usage behaviours of hotel information systems. Int. J. Tour. Res. 2010, 12, 709–725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, P.C.; Tsai, R.J.; Finger, G.; Chen, Y.Y.; Yeh, D. What drives a successful elearning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Comput. Educ. 2008, 50, 1183–1202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fianu, E.; Blewett, C.; Ampong, G.O. Toward the development of a model of student usage of MOOCs. Educ. Train. 2020, 62, 521–541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tseng, T.H.; Lin, S.; Wang, Y.S.; Liu, H.X. Investigating teachers’ adoption of MOOCs: The perspective of UTAUT2. Interact. Learn. Environ. 2019, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Joo, Y.J.; So, H.J.; Kim, N.H. Examination of relationships among students’ self-determination, technology acceptance, satisfaction, and continuance intention to use K-MOOCs. Comput. Educ. 2018, 122, 260–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aharony, N.; Bar-Ilan, J. Students’ perceptions on MOOCs: An exploratory study. Interdiscip. J. E-Ski. Life Long Learn. 2016, 12, 145–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Almaiah, M.A.; Alamri, M.M.; Al-Rahmi, W.M. Analysis the effect of different factors on the development of Mobile learning applications at different stages of usage. IEEE Access 2019, 8, 16139–16154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arpaci, I.; Al-Emran, M.; Al-Sharafi, M.A. The impact of knowledge management practices on the acceptance of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) by engineering students: A cross-cultural comparison. Telemat. Inf. 2020, 54, 101468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Adwan, A.S. Investigating the drivers and barriers to MOOCs adoption: The perspective of TAM. Educ. Inf. Technol. 2020, 25, 5771–5795. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, R.; Song, H.D. Examining the Influence of Teaching Presence and Task-Technology Fit on Continuance Intention to Use MOOCs. Asia-Pac. Educ. Res. 2021, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rahman, N.A.; Adli, N.W.Z.; Raffei, A.M.; Ismail, N.S.N. Factors Determination MOOCs Continuance Intention: A Proposed Conceptual Framework. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, February 2020; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2020; Volume 769, p. 012052. [Google Scholar]
- Virani, S.R.; Saini, J.R.; Sharma, S. Adoption of massive open online courses (MOOCs) for blended learning: The Indian educators’ perspective. Interact. Learn. Environ. 2020, 1–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ing, H.C.; Yahaya, N.; Kumar, L.; Al-Rahmi, W.M. Examining Learners’ Interaction Pattern in Asynchronous Text-Based Online Learning. i-Manag. J. Educ. Technol. 2020, 16, 9. [Google Scholar]
- Khoa, B.T. The Perceived Enjoyment of the Online Courses in Digital Transformation Age: The Uses-Gratification Theory Approach. In Proceedings of the 2020 Sixth International Conference on e-Learning, Sakheer, Bahrain, 6–7 December 2020; pp. 183–188. [Google Scholar]
- Pozón-López, I.; Higueras-Castillo, E.; Muñoz-Leiva, F.; Liébana-Cabanillas, F.J. Perceived user satisfaction and intention to use massive open online courses (MOOCs). J. Comput. High. Educ. 2021, 33, 85–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alhussain, T.; Al-Rahmi, W.M.; Othman, M.S. Students’ Perceptions of Social Networks Platforms use in Higher Education: A Qualitative Research. Int. J. Adv. Trends Comput. Sci. Eng. 2020, 9, 2589–2603. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wan, L.; Xie, S.; Shu, A. Toward an Understanding of University Students’ Continued Intention to Use MOOCs: When UTAUT Model Meets TTF Model. Sage Open 2020, 10, 2158244020941858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, I.U.; Hameed, Z.; Yu, Y.; Islam, T.; Sheikh, Z.; Khan, S.U. Predicting the acceptance of MOOCs in a developing country: Application of task-technology fit model, social motivation, and self-determination theory. Telemat. Inform. 2018, 35, 964–978. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Almaiah, M.A.; Alamri, M.M.; Al-Rahmi, W. Applying the UTAUT model to explain the students’ acceptance of mobile learning system in higher education. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 174673–174686. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hew, K.F.; Hu, X.; Qiao, C.; Tang, Y. What predicts student satisfaction with MOOCs: A gradient boosting trees supervised machine learning and sentiment analysis approach. Comput. Educ. 2020, 145, 103724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hanzaki, M.R.; Epp, C.D. The effect of personality and course attributes on academic performance in MOOCs. In European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2018; pp. 497–509. [Google Scholar]
- Carannante, M.; Davino, C.; Vistocco, D. Modelling students’ performance in MOOCs: A multivariate approach. Stud. High. Educ. 2020, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tan, P.J.B. An empirical study of how the learning attitudes of college students toward English e-tutoring websites affect site sustainability. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1748. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tan, P.J.B. Applying the UTAUT to understand factors affecting the use of English e-learning websites in Taiwan. Sage Open 2013, 3, 2158244013503837. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Factors | Items | MUS | PE | PEU | PU | SAP | SI | SS | TTF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOOCs Use As Sustainability | MUS1 | 0.872 | 0.481 | 0.471 | 0.501 | 0.503 | 0.551 | 0.536 | 0.449 |
MUS2 | 0.863 | 0.522 | 0.483 | 0.528 | 0.501 | 0.506 | 0.571 | 0.441 | |
MUS3 | 0.843 | 0.534 | 0.470 | 0.558 | 0.448 | 0.509 | 0.543 | 0.443 | |
Perceived Enjoyment | PE1 | 0.561 | 0.894 | 0.533 | 0.504 | 0.588 | 0.533 | 0.727 | 0.553 |
PE2 | 0.585 | 0.917 | 0.560 | 0.554 | 0.610 | 0.578 | 0.784 | 0.620 | |
PE3 | 0.453 | 0.881 | 0.515 | 0.449 | 0.573 | 0.471 | 0.693 | 0.609 | |
Perceived Ease of Use | PEU1 | 0.473 | 0.540 | 0.828 | 0.617 | 0.399 | 0.496 | 0.527 | 0.405 |
PEU2 | 0.415 | 0.444 | 0.827 | 0.446 | 0.437 | 0.479 | 0.482 | 0.484 | |
PEU3 | 0.483 | 0.502 | 0.828 | 0.487 | 0.479 | 0.446 | 0.503 | 0.417 | |
Perceived Usefulness | PU1 | 0.576 | 0.494 | 0.568 | 0.891 | 0.401 | 0.504 | 0.513 | 0.405 |
PU2 | 0.534 | 0.487 | 0.518 | 0.917 | 0.422 | 0.535 | 0.532 | 0.425 | |
PU3 | 0.544 | 0.528 | 0.589 | 0.880 | 0.436 | 0.535 | 0.548 | 0.444 | |
Students’ Academic Performance | SAP1 | 0.483 | 0.552 | 0.383 | 0.368 | 0.813 | 0.411 | 0.538 | 0.581 |
SAP2 | 0.473 | 0.557 | 0.399 | 0.376 | 0.862 | 0.443 | 0.566 | 0.636 | |
SAP3 | 0.464 | 0.527 | 0.468 | 0.364 | 0.818 | 0.440 | 0.556 | 0.586 | |
SAP4 | 0.447 | 0.543 | 0.502 | 0.441 | 0.816 | 0.452 | 0.550 | 0.660 | |
Social Influence | SI1 | 0.437 | 0.377 | 0.391 | 0.356 | 0.365 | 0.767 | 0.429 | 0.469 |
SI2 | 0.558 | 0.593 | 0.559 | 0.586 | 0.509 | 0.911 | 0.616 | 0.566 | |
SI3 | 0.573 | 0.541 | 0.520 | 0.556 | 0.483 | 0.910 | 0.572 | 0.515 | |
Students’ Satisfaction | SS1 | 0.612 | 0.694 | 0.525 | 0.568 | 0.567 | 0.539 | 0.831 | 0.547 |
SS2 | 0.559 | 0.638 | 0.540 | 0.511 | 0.579 | 0.555 | 0.862 | 0.580 | |
SS3 | 0.492 | 0.726 | 0.520 | 0.435 | 0.561 | 0.520 | 0.873 | 0.627 | |
SS4 | 0.546 | 0.770 | 0.516 | 0.530 | 0.595 | 0.555 | 0.884 | 0.622 | |
Task-Technology-Fit | TTF1 | 0.424 | 0.481 | 0.422 | 0.335 | 0.584 | 0.454 | 0.519 | 0.834 |
TTF2 | 0.435 | 0.586 | 0.460 | 0.408 | 0.661 | 0.522 | 0.643 | 0.884 | |
TTF3 | 0.481 | 0.640 | 0.482 | 0.478 | 0.685 | 0.571 | 0.618 | 0.879 |
Factors | Items | Factor Loading | Composite Reliability | Cronbachs Alpha | AVE | R Square |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOOCs Use As Sustainability | MUS1 | 0.872 | 0.894 | 0.823 | 0.738 | 0.518 |
MUS2 | 0.863 | |||||
MUS3 | 0.843 | |||||
Perceived Enjoyment | PE1 | 0.894 | 0.925 | 0.879 | 0.806 | |
PE2 | 0.917 | |||||
PE3 | 0.881 | |||||
Perceived Ease of Use | PEU1 | 0.828 | 0.867 | 0.770 | 0.685 | |
PEU2 | 0.827 | |||||
PEU3 | 0.828 | |||||
Perceived Usefulness | PU1 | 0.891 | 0.924 | 0.877 | 0.803 | |
PU2 | 0.917 | |||||
PU3 | 0.880 | |||||
Students’ Academic Performance | SAP1 | 0.813 | 0.897 | 0.847 | 0.685 | 0.616 |
SAP2 | 0.862 | |||||
SAP3 | 0.818 | |||||
SAP4 | 0.816 | |||||
Social Influence | SI1 | 0.767 | 0.899 | 0.830 | 0.749 | |
SI2 | 0.911 | |||||
SI3 | 0.910 | |||||
Students’ Satisfaction | SS1 | 0.831 | 0.921 | 0.885 | 0.744 | 0.584 |
SS2 | 0.862 | |||||
SS3 | 0.873 | |||||
SS4 | 0.884 | |||||
Task-Technology-Fit | TTF1 | 0.834 | 0.900 | 0.834 | 0.750 | 0.511 |
TTF2 | 0.884 | |||||
TTF3 | 0.879 |
Factors | MUS | PEU | PE | PU | SI | SAP | SS | TTF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOOCs Use as Sustainability | 0.887 | |||||||
Perceived Ease of Use | 0.552 | 0.900 | ||||||
Perceived Enjoyment | 0.596 | 0.598 | 0.893 | |||||
Perceived Usefulness | 0.615 | 0.624 | 0.562 | 0.890 | ||||
Social Influence | 0.607 | 0.572 | 0.590 | 0.586 | 0.901 | |||
Students’ Academic Performance | 0.564 | 0.530 | 0.658 | 0.469 | 0.527 | 0.917 | ||
Students’ Satisfaction | 0.640 | 0.609 | 0.520 | 0.593 | 0.629 | 0.667 | 0.897 | |
Task-Technology-Fit | 0.517 | 0.526 | 0.662 | 0.474 | 0.599 | 0.745 | 0.689 | 0.931 |
Path of Hypotheses | Path Coefficient | Standard Error | T-Values | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Social Influence > Task-Technology-Fit (H1) | 0.284 | 0.111 | 2.560 | Positive |
Social Influence > MOOCs Use As Sustainability (H2) | 0.236 | 0.113 | 2.094 | Positive |
Perceived Usefulness > Task-Technology-Fit (H3) | 0.277 | 0.116 | 2.034 | Positive |
Perceived Usefulness > MOOCs Use As Sustainability (H4) | 0.276 | 0.095 | 2.909 | Positive |
Perceived Ease of Use > Task-Technology-Fit (H5) | 0.106 | 0.098 | 1.079 | Positive |
Perceived Ease of Use > MOOCs Use As Sustainability (H6) | 0.088 | 0.125 | 2.707 | Positive |
Perceived Enjoyment > Task-Technology-Fit (H7) | 0.431 | 0.108 | 4.012 | Positive |
Perceived Enjoyment > MOOCs Use As Sustainability (H8) | 0.210 | 0.117 | 1.801 | Positive |
MOOCs Use As Sustainability > Students’ Academic Performance (H9) | 0.164 | 0.097 | 1.685 | Positive |
MOOCs Use As Sustainability > Students’ Satisfaction (H10) | 0.388 | 0.068 | 5.690 | Positive |
Task-Technology-Fit > MOOCs Use As Sustainability (H11) | 0.059 | 0.108 | 1.550 | Positive |
Task-Technology-Fit > Students’ Satisfaction (H12) | 0.488 | 0.074 | 6.595 | Positive |
Task-Technology-Fit > Students’ Academic Performance (H13) | 0.520 | 0.112 | 4.644 | Positive |
Students’ Satisfaction > Students’ Academic Performance (H14) | 0.204 | 0.094 | 2.183 | Positive |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Alyoussef, I.Y. Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) Acceptance: The Role of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) for Higher Education Sustainability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137374
Alyoussef IY. Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) Acceptance: The Role of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) for Higher Education Sustainability. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137374
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlyoussef, Ibrahim Youssef. 2021. "Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) Acceptance: The Role of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) for Higher Education Sustainability" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137374
APA StyleAlyoussef, I. Y. (2021). Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) Acceptance: The Role of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) for Higher Education Sustainability. Sustainability, 13(13), 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137374