Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fishers’ Individual Perceived Wellbeing Satisfaction in Southern Benin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Defining Perceived Wellbeing as an Outcome in Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF)
2.2. Evolution of Ecological Protection Rules in Southern Benin
2.3. Study Area
2.4. Sampling
2.5. Data Collection
- Resource systems
- Resource units
- Governance systems
- Users’ demographic variables
- Wellbeing
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of Social-Ecological Subsystem Variables
3.2. Factors Affecting Fishers Individual Perceived Wellbeing Satisfaction
3.3. Marginal Effects of Factors Affecting Fishers’s Wellbeing
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Basic needs (3–15) |
Actual earnings from fishing (1–5) |
Predictability of earnings from fishing (1–5) |
Safety of the job (1–5) |
Social and psychological needs (3–15) |
Fatigue from the job (1–5) |
Healthiness of the job (1–5) |
Time spent away from home (1–5) |
Self-actualization (3–15) |
Adventure of the job (1–5) |
Challenge of the job (1–5) |
Opportunity to be your own boss (1–5) |
Variables | Type of Variables/Description |
---|---|
Acadja ownership | Categorical (1 if the fisher owns Acadja, 0 if not) |
Property ownership on water bodies | Categorical (1 if the fishers believe they own space on the water bodies, 0 if not) |
Household size | Continuous (number of household members) |
age | Continuous (age in year) |
Annual fishing income | Continuous |
Annual income from other activities | Continuous |
Basic needs | Categorical (1 if the value greater than or equal to 9, 0 if not) |
Social and psychological needs | Categorical (1 if the value greater than or equal to 9, 0 if not) |
Self-actualization | Categorical (1 if the value greater than or equal to 9, 0 if not) |
Fishers power on government governance | Categorical (1 if the fishers think their power on government governance is high, 0 if not) |
Perceived effect of Acadja ban | Categorical (1 if the fishers think the ban of Acadja has a negative impact on fishing, 0 if not) |
Perceived effect of Mêdokpokonou ban | Categorical (1 if the fishers think the ban of Mêdokpokonou has s negative impact on fishing, 0 if not) |
Perception of government governance clarity | Categorical (1 if the fishers think government governance is clear, 0 if not) |
Perception of fishing boundary definitions | Categorical (1 if the fishers think boundaries are defined, 0 if not) |
Perception of co-management measures with government | Categorical (1 if the fishers think these measures exist, 0 if not) |
Fishing association membership | Categorical (1 if the fisher is a member of a fishing association, 0 if not) |
Marital status | Categorical (1 if the fisher is married, 0 if not) |
Variables | % | |
---|---|---|
Resource subsystem variables | ||
Are fishing boundaries defined? | No | 77 |
Yes | 23 | |
Governance subsystem variables | ||
Regulations that had the greatest impact on their income | Ban on Acadja | 34 |
Ban on Mêdokpokonou | 42 | |
Ban on some days on the water | 0.5 | |
Other regulations | 23 | |
Perception of clarity of government regulations | Regulations are not clear | 35 |
Regulations are clear | 65 | |
Do fishermen have relative power over the governance process? | No power on governance process | 62 |
Power on governance process | 38 | |
Co-management measures with government | No | 82 |
Yes | 18 | |
Users’ characteristics | ||
Age distribution | (21–35) | 16 |
(35–50) | 35 | |
≤50 | 49 | |
Fishing experience | (1–250 | 28 |
(26–50) | 52 | |
>50 | 20 | |
Education level | None | 52 |
Primary | 33 | |
Secondary | 15 | |
Fishing association membership | No | 61 |
Yes | 39 | |
Marital status | Married | 98 |
Single | 2 | |
Basics needs satisfaction | <9 | 32 |
(9–15) | 68 | |
Social and psychological needs satisfaction | <9 | 38 |
(9–15) | 62 | |
Self-actualization satisfaction | <9 | 37 |
(9–15) | 63 |
Property Right Bundles | Southeast | Southwest | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Aguégués | Sô-Ava | Comè | Grand-Popo | |
Access | 42% | 32% | 49% | 49% |
Withdrawal | 44% | 32% | 49% | 51% |
Management | 10% | 15% | 2% | 0% |
Exclusion | 1% | 7% | 0% | 0% |
Alienation | 4% | 13% | 0% | 0% |
Variables | Coef. | St. Err. | Marginal Effects |
---|---|---|---|
Property ownership on water bodies | 1.384 ** | 0.660 | −0.265 ** |
Basic needs satisfaction | 2.119 *** | 0.547 | −0.457 *** |
Social and psychological needs satisfaction | 1.117 ** | 0.538 | −0.235 ** |
Self-actualization satisfaction | 3.249 *** | 0.582 | −0.646 *** |
Acadja ban | −1.983 ** | 0.893 | 0.424 ** |
Mêdokpokonou ban | −1.474 * | 0.761 | 0.304 ** |
Pseudo r-squared | 0.506 | Number of observations | 203.000 |
Likelihood ratio Chi-square | 184.022 | Prob > chi2 | 0.000 |
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Kpanou, S.B.-V.K.; Dedehouanou, H.; Chogou, S.K.; Aoudji, A.K.N.; Dogot, T. Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fishers’ Individual Perceived Wellbeing Satisfaction in Southern Benin. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6279. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116279
Kpanou SB-VK, Dedehouanou H, Chogou SK, Aoudji AKN, Dogot T. Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fishers’ Individual Perceived Wellbeing Satisfaction in Southern Benin. Sustainability. 2021; 13(11):6279. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116279
Chicago/Turabian StyleKpanou, Sètondji Ben-Vital Kolawolé, Houinsou Dedehouanou, Sylvain Kpenavoun Chogou, Augustin K. N. Aoudji, and Thomas Dogot. 2021. "Factors Influencing Small-Scale Fishers’ Individual Perceived Wellbeing Satisfaction in Southern Benin" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6279. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116279