Rookie Tourism Destinations—The Effects of Attractiveness Factors on Destination Image and Revisit Intention with the Satisfaction Mediation Effect
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses Development
2.1. Destination Attractiveness Factors—Antecedents of Satisfaction, Destination Image, and Revisit Intention
2.2. The Impact of Tourists’ Satisfaction on Destination Image and Revisit Intention
2.3. The Mediating Role of Satisfaction Level
3. Methods
3.1. Instruments
3.2. Procedure
3.3. Data Analysis
3.4. Study Area (Serbia as a Rookie Destination)
4. Results
4.1. Study Sample
4.2. Exploratory Factor Analysis—Destination Attractiveness Factors
4.3. Measurement Model Validity for Attractiveness Factor—Confirmatory Factorial Analysis
4.4. Results of the Path Model
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Study Limitations and Further Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Age | ||
---|---|---|---|
Male | 51.6% | 15–24 | 19.6% |
Female | 48.4% | 25–34 | 28.4% |
Work status | 35–44 | 24.9% | |
Employed | 73.6% | 45–54 | 16.0% |
Student/pupil | 15.7% | 55–64 | 6.8% |
Unemployed | 5.3% | 65+ | 4.3% |
Retired | 5.5% | Region | |
Education | Ex-Yugoslavia | 21.4% | |
Elementary school | 2.4% | Western Europe | 9.7% |
Secondary school | 40.9% | Eastern Europe | 11.9% |
Faculty/College, MSc, PhD | 56.7% | Asia | 6.0% |
Other (North and South America, Australia and Africa | 1.8% | ||
Unknown | 49.3% |
Factors and Items | Mean | Factor Loadings | Eigen Value | Cronbach’s α | Variance Explained (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Destination Amenities (DA) | 3.6973 | 7.170 | 0.867 | 17.111 | |
DA1 Interesting shops | 3.78 | 0.656 | |||
DA2 Museums and galleries | 3.52 | 0.867 | |||
DA3 Cultural heritage | 3.84 | 0.805 | |||
DA4 Events and festivals | 3.60 | 0.721 | |||
DA5 Vivid nightlife | 3.72 | 0.558 | |||
DA6 Attractive architecture | 3.73 | 0.680 | |||
Tourism Infrastructure and Accessibility (TIA) | 3.7962 | 2.323 | 0.845 | 14.236 | |
TIA1 Availability of tourism information | 3.87 | 0.624 | |||
TIA2 Public transport | 3.67 | 0.687 | |||
TIA3 Developed tourism infrastructure | 3.87 | 0.747 | |||
TIA4 Good transport connection | 3.79 | 0.706 | |||
TIA5 Quality of tourism signaling | 3.78 | 0.744 | |||
Active Family Destination (AFD) | 3.5804 | 2.106 | 0.915 | 12.592 | |
AFD1 Active vacation | 3.72 | 0.847 | |||
AFD2 Lot of activities for children | 3.54 | 0.913 | |||
AFD3 Family destination | 3.48 | 0.904 | |||
Hospitality and Services (HS) | 4.2555 | 1.522 | 0.719 | 10.818 | |
HS1 Good accommodation | 4.37 | 0.610 | |||
HS2 Good restaurants, pubs, bars | 4.25 | 0.838 | |||
HS3 Service quality | 4.18 | 0.700 | |||
HS4 Gastronomy | 4.21 | 0.577 | |||
Social–Safety–Economic Values (SSEV) | 4.0391 | 1.030 | 0.651 | 9.567 | |
SSEV1 Safe destination-high level of security | 4.07 | 0.654 | |||
SSEV2 Pleasant local community | 4.39 | 0.647 | |||
SSEV3 Good value for money | 3.88 | 0.699 | |||
SSEV4 Clean environment | 3.82 | 0.539 |
Constructs | α | AVE | CR |
---|---|---|---|
Destination Amenities (DA) | 0.85 | 0.60 | 0.88 |
Tourism Infrastructure and Accessibility (TIA) | 0.80 | 0.64 | 0.84 |
Active Family Destination (AFD) | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
Hospitality and Services (HS) | 0.72 | 0.55 | 0.78 |
Social–Safety–Economic Values (SSEV) | 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.75 |
DA | TIA | AFD | HS | SSEV | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DA | 0.780 | ||||
TIA | 0.523 | 0.799 | |||
AFD | 0.291 | 0.422 | 0.975 | ||
HS | 0.457 | 0.525 | 0.22 | 0.741 | |
SSEV | 0.405 | 0.637 | 0.241 | 0.663 | 0.709 |
Influences | B | SE. | z | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tourism Infrastructure and Accessibility ➝ Satisfaction | 0.123 | 0.069 | 2.248 | 0.025 |
Hospitality and Services ➝ Satisfaction | 0.340 | 0.082 | 6.564 | 0.000 |
Social–Safety–Economic Values ➝ Satisfaction | 0.202 | 0.075 | 3.464 | 0.001 |
Tourism Infrastructure and Accessibility ➝ Destination Image | −0.279 | 0.067 | −5.353 | 0.000 |
Active Family Destination ➝ Destination Image | 0.075 | 0.036 | 2.159 | 0.031 |
Social–Safety–Economic Values ➝ Destination Image | 0.304 | 0.082 | 4.838 | 0.000 |
Destination Amenities ➝ Revisit Intention | 0.135 | 0.109 | 1.962 | 0.050 |
Hospitality and Services ➝ Revisit Intention | 0.306 | 0.153 | 3.284 | 0.001 |
Satisfaction ➝ Destination Image | 0.227 | 0.037 | 6.186 | 0.000 |
Satisfaction ➝ Revisit Intention | 0.312 | 0.069 | 4.688 | 0.000 |
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Ćulić, M.; Vujičić, M.D.; Kalinić, Č.; Dunjić, M.; Stankov, U.; Kovačić, S.; Vasiljević, Đ.A.; Anđelković, Ž. Rookie Tourism Destinations—The Effects of Attractiveness Factors on Destination Image and Revisit Intention with the Satisfaction Mediation Effect. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115780
Ćulić M, Vujičić MD, Kalinić Č, Dunjić M, Stankov U, Kovačić S, Vasiljević ĐA, Anđelković Ž. Rookie Tourism Destinations—The Effects of Attractiveness Factors on Destination Image and Revisit Intention with the Satisfaction Mediation Effect. Sustainability. 2021; 13(11):5780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115780
Chicago/Turabian StyleĆulić, Milan, Miroslav D. Vujičić, Časlav Kalinić, Milosav Dunjić, Uglješa Stankov, Sanja Kovačić, Đorđije A. Vasiljević, and Željko Anđelković. 2021. "Rookie Tourism Destinations—The Effects of Attractiveness Factors on Destination Image and Revisit Intention with the Satisfaction Mediation Effect" Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115780
APA StyleĆulić, M., Vujičić, M. D., Kalinić, Č., Dunjić, M., Stankov, U., Kovačić, S., Vasiljević, Đ. A., & Anđelković, Ž. (2021). Rookie Tourism Destinations—The Effects of Attractiveness Factors on Destination Image and Revisit Intention with the Satisfaction Mediation Effect. Sustainability, 13(11), 5780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115780