Climate Change Denial among Radical Right-Wing Supporters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Political Issues and Conservative Ideology
1.2. Institutional Distrust
1.3. Aims and Hypothesis
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Material
3. Results
3.1. Initial Analyses
3.2. Correlations and Regression Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Full Scales Used in the Analyses
- Global warming that is caused by humans is happening. (R)
- Taxes should be reduced.
- The public sector is too large.
- It is good to have private profit-driven alternatives in the care sector.
- Immigration to Sweden should be reduced.
- Immigration costs too many public resources.
- Immigration leads to increased criminality in Sweden.
- Feminism has gone too far.
- Women often seek to gain power by controlling men.
- Women tend to interpret harmless remarks or actions as sexist.
- To stop the radical and immoral currents in the society today there is a need for a strong leader.
- Our society would be best off if we showed tolerance and understanding for nontraditional values and views. (R)
- The best way to live is in accordance with the old-fashioned values.
- It is probably a good thing that certain groups are at the top and other groups are at the bottom.
- We should strive for increased social equality. (R)
- No one group should dominate in society. (R)
- To what degree do you trust that the Parliament (Riksdagen) manages its work? (R)
- To what degree do you trust that the courts of law manage their work? (R)
- To what degree do you trust news reporting the following media?: Swedish national public TV (SVT) (R)
- There is a small, unknown group that really governs world politics and has more power than the elected leaders in different countries.
- There are groups of researchers who manipulate, fabricate, or withhold evidence in order to mislead the public.
- The pharmaceutical industry works to keep people sick, rather than healthy, in order to make greater profits.
- Experiments involving new drugs or technologies are conducted on the public without their knowledge or consent.
- Chemtrails, i.e., deliberate discharges of substances from aeroplanes that are used to manipulate people or the weather.
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Social Democrats | Conservative Party | Sweden Democrats | η2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
Climate change denial | 1.53 (0.7) | 1.82 (0.9) | 2.25 (1.1) | 0.07 |
Socioeconomic attitudes | 2.14 (0.8) | 3.82 (0.8) | 3.58 (0.9) | 0.28 |
Anti-feminism | 2.28 (1.1) | 2.94 (1.0) | 3.55 (0.9) | 0.19 |
Anti-immigration | 2.87 (1.3) | 4.07 (1.0) | 4.82 (0.4) | 0.47 |
Distrust, political | 2.41 (0.8) | 3.04 (1.0) | 3.94 (0.9) | 0.30 |
Distrust, media | 1.79 (0.7) | 2.39 (1.1) | 3.37 (1.3) | 0.22 |
Social Dominance Orientation | 1.57 (0.7) | 2.20 (0.8) | 2.32 (0.8) | 0.10 |
Right-wing Authoritarianism | 2.53 (0.8) | 2.97 (0.9) | 3.58 (0.8) | 0.21 |
Belief in conspiracies | 2.42 ϯ (0.8) | 2.42 ϯ (0.8) | 2.76 (0.9) | 0.04 ϯ |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party support | ||||||||||||||
1. Mainstream vs. Radical Right | ||||||||||||||
2. Center-Left vs. Radical Right | ||||||||||||||
3. Center-Left vs. Mainstream Right | ||||||||||||||
Dependent variable | ||||||||||||||
4. Climate change denial | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.18 | |||||||||||
Predictor variables | ||||||||||||||
5. Socioeconomic attitudes | −0.11 | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.30 | ||||||||||
6. Anti-feminism | 0.26 | 0.46 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.33 | |||||||||
7. Anti-immigration | 0.45 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.51 | ||||||||
8. Distrust, political | 0.38 | 0.56 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.52 | |||||||
9. Distrust, media | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.58 | ||||||
10. Social Dominance Orientation | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.27 | |||||
11. Right-wing Authoritarianism | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.34 | ||||
12. Belief in conspiracies | 0.17 | 0.16 | −0.00 ϯ | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.27 | |||
13. Gender (male) | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.12 | −0.08 | ||
14. Age | −0.00 ϯ | 0.04 ϯ | 0.04 ϯ | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.02 ϯ | −0.02 ϯ | −0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.06 | |
15. University education | −0.11 | −0.04 | 0.08 | −0.05 | 0.03 ϯ | −0.11 | −0.10 | −0.10 | 0.02 ϯ | 0.01 ϯ | −0.16 | −0.19 | −0.04 | −0.05 |
1. Sweden Democrat | 2. Sweden Democrat & Conservative Party | 3. Sweden Democrat & Social Democrat | 4. Conservative Party & Social Democrat | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | β | R2 | β | R2 | β | R2 | β | |
Model 1 | - | 0.03 *** | 0.07 *** | 0.03 *** | ||||
Party support | - | 0.17 *** | 0.27 *** | 0.18 *** | ||||
Model 2 | 0.03 *** | 0.06 *** | 0.10 *** | 0.08 *** | ||||
Party support | - | 0.12 *** | 0.17 *** | 0.09 *** | ||||
Social Dominance Orientation | 0.12 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.14 *** | ||||
Right-Wing Authoritarianism | 0.10 *** | 0.12 ** | 0.12 *** | 0.16 *** | ||||
Model 3 | 0.06 *** | 0.09 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.09 *** | ||||
Party support | - | 0.20 *** | 0.13 *** | −0.06 | ||||
Socioeconomic Attitudes | 0.24 *** | 0.24 *** | 0.27 *** | 0.34 *** | ||||
Model 4 | 0.05 *** | 0.08 *** | 0.12 *** | 0.10 *** | ||||
Party support | - | 0.10 *** | 0.13 *** | 0.07 * | ||||
Antifeminism | 0.22 *** | 0.22 *** | 0.24 *** | 0.21 *** | ||||
Anti-immigration | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.10 ** | ||||
Model 5 | 0.08 *** | 0.11 *** | 0.15 *** | 0.12 *** | ||||
Party support | - | 0.06 ** | 0.11 *** | 0.07 * | ||||
Distrust, Political | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 * | ||||
Distrust, Media | 0.26 *** | 0.27 *** | 0.27 *** | 0.27 *** | ||||
Belief in conspiracies | 0.07 ** | 0.07 ** | 0.06 ** | 0.04 | ||||
Model 6 | 0.13 *** | 0.16 *** | 0.19 *** | 0.18 *** | ||||
Party support | - | 0.08 *** | 0.00 | −0.11 ** | ||||
Social Dominance Orientation | 0.05 ** | 0.05 ** | 0.05 ** | 0.05 | ||||
Right-Wing Authoritarianism | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 ϯ | ||||
Socioeconomic Attitudes | 0.15 *** | 0.15 *** | 0.17 *** | 0.19 *** | ||||
Antifeminism | 0.14 *** | 0.13 *** | 0.15 *** | 0.13 *** | ||||
Anti-immigration | −0.03 | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.00 | ||||
Distrust, Political | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ||||
Distrust, Media | 0.17 *** | 0.18 *** | 0.19 *** | 0.21 *** | ||||
Belief in conspiracies | 0.04 ϯ | 0.04 * | 0.03 | −0.02 | ||||
N | 2113 | 2732 | 2631 | 1137 |
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Jylhä, K.M.; Strimling, P.; Rydgren, J. Climate Change Denial among Radical Right-Wing Supporters. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10226. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310226
Jylhä KM, Strimling P, Rydgren J. Climate Change Denial among Radical Right-Wing Supporters. Sustainability. 2020; 12(23):10226. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310226
Chicago/Turabian StyleJylhä, Kirsti M., Pontus Strimling, and Jens Rydgren. 2020. "Climate Change Denial among Radical Right-Wing Supporters" Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10226. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310226