Exploring Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Homeless Shelters that Receive Surplus Donation from a Wholesale Market in Chile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Do homeless shelters that receive donation of fruit and vegetable surplus produce a similar amount of waste than homeless shelters that did not receive such a donation?
- Are the reasons that explain waste similar between homeless shelters that receive a donation of fruit and vegetable surplus and homeless shelters that did not receive such a donation?
2. Literature Review
2.1. Fruit and Vegetable Surplus and Waste
2.2. Methodologies to Quantify Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Households
2.3. Reasons to Explain Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Households
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Design
3.2. Fruit and Vegetable Surplus
3.3. Homeless Shelters
3.4. Direct Quantification of Fruit and Vegetable Waste
3.5. Financial Value and Nutritional Content of Waste
3.6. Reasons to Explain Fruit and Vegetable Waste
3.7. Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Fruit and Vegetable Waste at Homeless Shelters
4.1.1. Winter
4.1.2. Spring
4.2. Financial Value and Nutritional Content of Waste
4.2.1. Winter
4.2.2. Spring
4.3. Reasons to Explain Waste
4.3.1. Winter
4.3.2. Spring
5. Discussion
5.1. Production of Fruit and Vegetable Waste
5.2. Economical Cost and Nutritional Content of Waste
5.3. Reasons that Explain Waste
5.4. A Tailored Donation Plan for Fruit and Vegetable Surplus: A Practical Contribution
6. Limitations
7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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ID | Received Fruit and Vegetable Surplus Donation | Beneficiaries (n) | Meals (n per Beneficiary/day) | Distance from the Wholesale Market (km) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yes | 43 | 4 | 45 |
2 | Yes | 100 | 4 | 35 |
3 | Yes | 45 | 4 | 36 |
4 | Yes | 30 | 4 | 37 |
5 | Yes | 120 | 4 | 12 |
6 | No | 89 | 4 | 13 |
7 | No | 100 | 4 | 10 |
8 | No | 126 | 4 | 14 |
9 | No | 54 | 4 | 10 |
10 | No | 120 | 4 | 14 |
HS (n = 5) | HS+DON (n = 5) | |
---|---|---|
Winter | ||
Financial value, USD | 0.08 (0.05–0.12) | 0.16 (0.13–0.25) * |
Energy, kcal | 26 (16–40) | 75 (64–106) ** |
Carbohydrate, g | 5.5 (3.3–8.6) | 17.8 (14.8–24.8) ** |
Dietary fiber, g | 2.1 (1.3–3.2) | 4.3 (3.4–6.8) * |
Vitamin C, mg | 25 (15–38) | 58 (46–87) * |
Potassium, mg | 261 (159–409) | 479 (356–789) # |
Spring $ | ||
Financial value, USD | 0.03 (0.02–0.06) | 0.08 (0.04–0.12) |
Energy, kcal | 16 (12–33) | 46 (25–61) # |
Carbohydrate, g | 3.3 (2.6–7.0) | 10.7 (5.7–13.4) # |
Dietary fiber, g | 1.2 (1.0–2.6) | 3.0 (1.6–4.7) |
Vitamin C, mg | 15 (12–31) | 38 (20–57) |
Potassium, mg | 158 (125–333) | 344 (183–592) |
Excess of Purchase or Donation | Not Received According to Meal Planning | Few Ways to Prepare Meals | Smell Moldy | Looked Badly | Too Perishable | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit waste | ||||||
Citrus | ||||||
HS+DON (%) | 60–25% | 60–25% | 0–0% | 80–0% | 80–50% | 40–25% |
Pomace | ||||||
HS+DON (%) | 80–50% | 20–25% | 20–0% | 60–50% | 60–100% | 60–0% |
Banana | ||||||
HS+DON (%) | 60–25% | 20–25% | 0–0% | 40–0% | 100–25% | 100–25% |
Vegetable waste | ||||||
Leafy | ||||||
HS (%) | 20–0% | 0–0% | 0–0% | 20–20% | 100–40% | 0–20% |
HS+DON (%) | 40–25% | 20–25% | 20–0% | 40–50% | 80–100% # | 80 *–75% # |
Fruits | ||||||
HS (%) | 20–0% | 0–0% | 0–0% | 80–0% | 20–40% | 0–20% |
HS+DON (%) | 100 *–25% | 20–25% | 0–0% | 40–0% | 80 #–50% | 60 *–75% # |
Stems | ||||||
HS (%) | 0–0% | 0–0% | 40–0% | 0–0% | 80–40% | 20–20% |
HS+DON (%) | 20–0% | 20–25% | 40–0% | 0–0% | 20 #–75% | 0–0% |
Inflorescences | ||||||
HS (%) | 20–0% | 0–0% | 0–0% | 20–40% | 60–40% | 0–40% |
HS+DON (%) | 0–0% | 0–25% | 20–0% | 0–0% | 0 *–75% | 0–0% |
Bulbs | ||||||
HS (%) | 20–0% | 0–0% | 0–0% | 100–40% | 80–20% | 0–0% |
HS+DON (%) | 40–50%# | 0–25% | 0–0% | 20 *–75% | 20 #–100% * | 20–0% |
Root and tubers | ||||||
HS (%) | 0–0% | 0–0% | 0–0% | 40–20% | 60–20% | 0–0% |
HS+DON (%) | 20–25% | 0–25% | 0–0% | 20–25% | 20–100% * | 20–0% |
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Fredes, C.; García, F.; Pérez, M.I.; Fernández-Verdejo, R. Exploring Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Homeless Shelters that Receive Surplus Donation from a Wholesale Market in Chile. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218835
Fredes C, García F, Pérez MI, Fernández-Verdejo R. Exploring Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Homeless Shelters that Receive Surplus Donation from a Wholesale Market in Chile. Sustainability. 2020; 12(21):8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218835
Chicago/Turabian StyleFredes, Carolina, Francisco García, María Ignacia Pérez, and Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo. 2020. "Exploring Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Homeless Shelters that Receive Surplus Donation from a Wholesale Market in Chile" Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218835
APA StyleFredes, C., García, F., Pérez, M. I., & Fernández-Verdejo, R. (2020). Exploring Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Homeless Shelters that Receive Surplus Donation from a Wholesale Market in Chile. Sustainability, 12(21), 8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218835