The Role of Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience for Tourist Satisfaction, Happiness and Revisit Intention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- To investigate the main attributes affecting the use of STT by Chinese tourists and the relative importance of these factors to the satisfaction of Chinese tourists’ experience;
- (2)
- To examine whether travel satisfaction towards each STT attribute affects Chinese tourists’ happiness;
- (3)
- To demonstrate the influence of Chinese tourists’ perception of STT on their revisit intention through their satisfaction and happiness with the tourism experience.
2. Literature Review
2.1. Smart Tourism
2.2. Benefits of Smart Devices in Tourism
2.3. Smart Tourism and Perceived STTs
2.4. Perceived STTSs
2.4.1. Informativeness
2.4.2. Accessibility
2.4.3. Interactivity
2.4.4. Personalization
2.4.5. Security
2.5. Happiness and Tourists’ Travel Satisfaction
2.6. Tourists’ Travel Satisfaction and Revisit Intention
3. Research Design
3.1. Research Architecture
3.2. Research Hypotheses
3.3. Questionnaire Design
3.4. Sample Collection
4. Data Analysis and Results
4.1. Descriptive Analysis
4.2. Reliability Analysis
4.3. Validity Test
4.4. Structural Model and Hypotheses Test
5. Discussion and Conclusions
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Theoretical Implications
5.3. Practical Implications, Limitations, and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) | Variables | N (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | STT usage time | ||||
Male | 249 (47.2) | Below 1 year | 15 (2.8) | ||
Female | 278 (52.8) | 1–2 years | 67 (12.7) | ||
3–4 years | 227 (43.1) | ||||
Age | Above 4 years | 218 (41.4) | |||
Under 20 | 35 (6.6) | Average travel time/year | |||
21–30 | 248 (47.1) | 1–2 times | 310 (58.8) | ||
31–40 | 179 (34) | 3–4 times | 145 (27.5) | ||
41–50 | 61 (11.6) | Above 4 | 72 (13.7) | ||
Above 51 | 4 (0.8) | Career | |||
Student | 109 (20.7) | ||||
Education | Housewife | 11 (2.1) | |||
Junior high school | 20 (3.8) | Service industry | 129 (24.5) | ||
High school | 41 (7.8) | Civil servant | 22 (4.2) | ||
College | 130 (24.7) | Teacher | 56 (10.6) | ||
Undergraduate | 262 (49.7) | Business | 85 (16.1) | ||
Postgraduate | 74 (14) | Manufacturing | 51 (9.7) | ||
Own business | 53 (10.1) | ||||
Income/Month (RMB) | Other | 11 (2.1) | |||
Below 4000 | 91 (17.3) | ||||
4001–8000 | 184 (34.9) | ||||
8001–12,000 | 132 (25) | ||||
12,001–16,000 | 83 (15.7) | ||||
above 16,000 | 37 | 37 (7) |
Items | Factor Loading | AVE | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Informativeness | |||
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology provides me with useful information about the travel destination and the trip. | 0.793 | 0.707 | 5.23 |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology provides me with useful information about the travel destination and the trip. | 0.856 | 5.11 | |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology provides me with useful information about the travel destination and the trip. | 0.874 | 5.13 | |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology provides me with useful information about the travel destination and the trip. | 0.863 | 5.10 | |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology provides me with useful information about the travel destination and the trip. | 0.816 | 5.17 | |
Accessibility | |||
When traveling in Macau, I can use Smart Tourism Technology anytime and anywhere. | 0.869 | 0.758 | 5.01 |
When traveling in Macau, I can easily use Smart Tourism Technology. | 0.863 | 4.89 | |
When traveling in Macau, I can easily find Smart Tourism Technology. | 0.892 | 4.96 | |
When traveling in Macau, I can search without a complicated sign-up process at tourism website. | 0.841 | 4.87 | |
When traveling in Macau, I can easily access Smart Tourism Technology form a variety of other related websites. | 0.888 | 4.89 | |
Interactivity | |||
When traveling in Macau, I can find many other travelers’ questions and answers on Smart Tourism Technology. | 0.843 | 0.705 | 4.86 |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology that I use is highly responsive to me. | 0.832 | 4.72 | |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology that I use is interactive. | 0.861 | 5.00 | |
When traveling in Macau, it is easy to share tourism information content on Smart Tourism Technology. | 0.823 | 4.91 | |
Personalization | |||
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology allows me to receive tailored information. | 0.751 | 0.687 | 4.9 |
When traveling in Macau, Smart Tourism Technology provides me with easy-to-follow paths and links. | 0.863 | 4.88 | |
When traveling in Macau, the tourism information provided by Smart Tourism Technology meets my needs. | 0.83 | 5 | |
When traveling in Macau, I can interact with Smart Tourism Technology in order to get information tailored to my specific needs. | 0.867 | 4.93 | |
Security | |||
When I use Smart Tourism Technology, I don’t worry about collecting too much personal information. | 0.846 | 0.717 | 4.87 |
When I use Smart Tourism Technology, I believe my privacy is protected. | 0.83 | 4.7 | |
When I use Smart Tourism Technology, I don’t worry about the security of sensitive information. | 0.866 | 4.74 | |
My personal information could be subject to misuse and unauthorized access when transacting through Smart Tourism Technology. | 0.846 | 4.73 | |
Smart Tourism Technology Provides adequate security to protect my personal information. | 0.845 | 4.94 | |
Travel Experience Satisfaction | |||
During Macau tourism experience, I feel that traveling in Macau enriches my life in some ways. | 0.842 | 0.703 | 5.22 |
During Macau tourism experience, I can accomplish the purpose of this travel. | 0.84 | 5.22 | |
During Macau tourism experience, it is rewarding to me in many ways. | 0.808 | 5.01 | |
During Macau tourism experience, my overall evaluation destination experience is positive. | 0.856 | 5.25 | |
During Macau tourism experience, my overall evaluation destination experience is favorable. | 0.851 | 5.24 | |
Overall, I was satisfied during my trip to Macau. | 0.832 | 5.33 | |
Tourist Happiness | |||
During Macau tourism experience, I can consider myself very happy. | 0.873 | 0.739 | 5.28 |
During Macau tourism experience, I can think about what a happy life I have compared to the ideal state. | 0.841 | 5.20 | |
During Macau tourism experience, I can think about how I am generally very satisfied with my life. | 0.873 | 5.17 | |
During Macau tourism experience, I can feel good about my life, although I have my ups and downs. | 0.851 | 5.13 | |
Revisit Intention | |||
I will revisit Macau. | 0.904 | 0.795 | 5.51 |
Revisiting Macau would be worthwhile. | 0.886 | 5.53 | |
I would positively recommend this city to other people. | 0.875 | 5.36 | |
I would like to stay more often in Macau. | 0.901 | 5.43 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. PER | 0.829 | |||||||
2. INT | 0.771 | 0.84 | ||||||
3. INF | 0.617 | 0.624 | 0.841 | |||||
4. ACC | 0.651 | 0.69 | 0.641 | 0.871 | ||||
5. SEC | 0.575 | 0.598 | 0.539 | 0.545 | 0.847 | |||
6. TES | 0.575 | 0.486 | 0.618 | 0.666 | 0.507 | 0.838 | ||
7. TH | 0.571 | 0.508 | 0.554 | 0.598 | 0.515 | 0.804 | 0.86 | |
8. RI | 0.401 | 0.401 | 0.53 | 0.539 | 0.333 | 0.737 | 0.761 | 0.892 |
Path | Path Coefficient | T | P |
---|---|---|---|
INF-Perceived STT experience | 0.254 | 31.044 | 0 |
ACC-Perceived STT experience | 0.285 | 35.093 | 0 |
INT-Perceived STT experience | 0.212 | 36.293 | 0 |
PER-Perceived STT experience | 0.207 | 35.359 | 0 |
SEC-Perceived STT experience | 0.239 | 30.062 | 0 |
Hypothesis | Total | Path Coefficient | T | P | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1: Perceived STT Experience→Satisfaction | 0.69 | 0.69 | 19.682 | 0 | Supported |
H2: Satisfaction→Happiness | 0.804 | 0.804 | 23.697 | 0 | Supported |
H3: Satisfaction→Revisit Intention | 0.737 | 0.356 | 5.607 | 0 | Supported |
H4: Happiness→Revisit Intention | 0.475 | 0.475 | 7.297 | 0 | Supported |
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Share and Cite
Pai, C.-K.; Liu, Y.; Kang, S.; Dai, A. The Role of Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience for Tourist Satisfaction, Happiness and Revisit Intention. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166592
Pai C-K, Liu Y, Kang S, Dai A. The Role of Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience for Tourist Satisfaction, Happiness and Revisit Intention. Sustainability. 2020; 12(16):6592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166592
Chicago/Turabian StylePai, Chen-Kuo, Yumeng Liu, Sangguk Kang, and Anna Dai. 2020. "The Role of Perceived Smart Tourism Technology Experience for Tourist Satisfaction, Happiness and Revisit Intention" Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166592