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Article

Synthesis of Industrially Useful Phenolic Compounds Esters by Means of Biocatalysts Obtained Along with Waste Fish Oil Utilization

1
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c owoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
2
Analytical Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, 6 Annopol St., 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2020, 12(14), 5804; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145804
Received: 1 July 2020 / Revised: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 / Published: 19 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Chemical Engineering and Technology)
The purpose of the study was to utilize the waste fish oil after fish smoking process in Y. lipolytica yeast batch cultures in order to assess its valorization to whole-cell biocatalysts with lipolytic properties. Almost 90% of the waste carbon source in medium was used and batch cultures of Y. lipolytica W29 were characterized with biomass yield of 18.59 g/dm3 and lipolytic activity of 53.41 U/g. The yeast biomass was used as a whole-cell biocatalyst in the synthesis of esters of selected phenolic compounds (acetates of 2-phenylethanol, tyrosol (2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) and 3-phenyl-1-propanol, and ethyl esters of phenylacetic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3-phenylpropanoic, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acids). Y. lipolytica biomass was able to catalyze esterification of 3-phenylpropanoic acid (conversion of 95% after 24 h), but conversion of other acids to their esters was very weak, and in the case of transesterification of aromatic alcohols with vinyl acetate, conversions were 27%–63% after 24 h. Synthesized esters were tested prior potential activities as food additives. Esters of hydroxylated phenolic compounds showed activity of 2.5 mg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii, exhibited similar antioxidant properties to their precursors, and were better soluble in lipids, which increases the possibility of their use in the food industry. View Full-Text
Keywords: lipases; phenolic compounds esters; waste fish oil; whole-cell catalysis; Yarrowia lipolytica lipases; phenolic compounds esters; waste fish oil; whole-cell catalysis; Yarrowia lipolytica
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zieniuk, B.; Wołoszynowska, M.; Białecka-Florjańczyk, E.; Fabiszewska, A. Synthesis of Industrially Useful Phenolic Compounds Esters by Means of Biocatalysts Obtained Along with Waste Fish Oil Utilization. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145804

AMA Style

Zieniuk B, Wołoszynowska M, Białecka-Florjańczyk E, Fabiszewska A. Synthesis of Industrially Useful Phenolic Compounds Esters by Means of Biocatalysts Obtained Along with Waste Fish Oil Utilization. Sustainability. 2020; 12(14):5804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145804

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zieniuk, Bartłomiej, Małgorzata Wołoszynowska, Ewa Białecka-Florjańczyk, and Agata Fabiszewska. 2020. "Synthesis of Industrially Useful Phenolic Compounds Esters by Means of Biocatalysts Obtained Along with Waste Fish Oil Utilization" Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145804

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