Social Network Addiction and Its Impact on Anxiety Level among University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure and Data Analysis
3. Results
- Model 1, in which only Factor 1 of addiction to social networks was introduced, explained 6.6% of the total variance (R2 = 0.066, p = 0.000).
- Model 2 explained 6.6% (R2 = 0.066, p = 0.602),
- Model 3, which included all three factors of addiction to social networks, explained 7.8% of the variance (R2 = 0.078, p = 0.035).
- Model 4, in which the three factors of addiction were added along with the age variable, explained 12.5% (R2 = 0.125, p = 0.000), and finally,
- Model 5, to which gender was added, explained 13.5% (R2 = 0.135, p = 0.040).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Effects | Country | Author | |
---|---|---|---|
Addiction to social network | |||
YouTube | r = 0.32 *** | International | Bérail, Guillon and Bungener [26] |
r = 0.30 *** | USA | Dempesey, O’Brien, Tiamiyu and Elhai [27] | |
r = 0.455 ** | Malaysia | Foroughi, Iranmanesh, Nikbin and Hyun [28] | |
Social networks | r = 0.30 *** | USA. | Chen [29] |
Time or use of social network | |||
r = 0.33 * | USA | Shaw, Timpano, Tran and Joormann [30] | |
r = 0.663 *** | USA | Davidson and Farqhar [31] | |
r = 0.07 | Philippines | Labrague [32] | |
Internet addiction | |||
Internet | r = 0.411 *** | Israel | Weinstein, Dorani, Elhadif, Bukovza, Yarmulnik, and Dannon [33] |
r = 0.302 ** | China | Hong, Liu, Oei, Zhen, Jiang and Sheng [34] | |
r = 0.224 *** | Italy | Casale and Fioravanti [35] |
Effects | Country | Author | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
F = 0.30 *** (women) | Norway | Andreassen [48] | |
F = 21.56 *** (women) | Spain | García–Domingo, Aranda and Fuentes [49] | |
F = 2.797 * (men) | International | Blanchio, Przepiorka, Benvenuti, Cannata, Giobanu, Senol–Durak and Ben–Ezra [50] | |
YouTube | β = −0.02 | International | Bérail, Guillon and Bungener [26] |
Networks | Chi2 = 0, df = 1 (not indicated) | India | Mamun and Griffiths [42] |
F = 0.30 * (women) | USA | Chen [29] | |
Internet | β = 0.718 | Israel | Weinstein, Dorani, Elhadif, Bukovza, Yarmulnik and Dannon [33] |
r = 0.101 ** (not indicated) | China | Hong, Liu, Oei, Zhen, Jiang and Sheng [34] | |
Age | |||
Facebook | β = −0.207 *** (young people) | Norway | Andreassen [48] |
β = 0.14 ** (elderly adults) | USA | Dempsey, O’Brien, Tiamiyu and Elhai [27] | |
F = 17.78 *** (young people) | Spain | García–Domingo, Aranda and Fuentes [49] | |
YouTube | β = −0.01; | International | Bérail, Guillon and Bungener [26] |
Internet | r = 0.205 ** (elderly adults) | China | Hong, Liu, Oei, Zhen, Jiang and Sheng [34] |
β = −0.19 *** (young people) | Poland | Błachnio and Przepiork [51] |
N | % | Average | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 45 | 12.5 | 32.58 | 12.03 |
Female | 316 | 87.5 | 32.36 | 10.21 |
Level of University Study | ||||
Undergraduate | 321 | 88.9 | 32.57 | 10.60 |
Master’s | 33 | 9.1 | 31.64 | 9.55 |
Doctorate | 7 | 1.9 | 27.29 | 5.22 |
Age | ||||
18 to 25 years | 121 | 33.5 | 21.76 | 2.02 |
26 to 34 years | 100 | 27.7 | 29.54 | 2.68 |
35 to 65 years | 140 | 38.8 | 43.60 | 6.54 |
Factor 1 Obsessed with SNs | Factor 2 Lack of Control Regarding SNs | Factor 3 Excessive use of SNs | Total Addiction | Anxiety | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | t/F | M | SD | t/F | M | SD | t/F | M | SD | t/F | M | SD | t/F | |
Gender | |||||||||||||||
Male | 53.20 | 19.53 | −1.49 | 12.67 | 5.46 | −1.51 | 14.73 | 5.98 | −2.33 ** | 43.53 | 15.70 | −1.71 * | 11.80 | 1.77 | −1.96 * |
Female | 58.06 | 20.60 | 14.06 | 5.85 | 17.16 | 6.61 | 48.04 | 16.69 | 15.34 | 0.63 | |||||
Age | |||||||||||||||
18 to 25 years | 64.69 | 21.17 | 13.41*** | 16.35 | 6.09 | 19.99 *** | 18.74 | 6.54 | 8.99 *** | 53.01 | 16.92 | 11.90 *** | 18.72 | 12.22 | 12.98 *** |
26 to 34 years | 56.27 | 18.31 | 13.50 | 5.28 | 16.68 | 5.06 | 46.60 | 14.96 | 14.69 | 10.89 | |||||
35 to 65 years | 52.05 | 19.70 | 12.04 | 5.19 | 15.36 | 6.61 | 43.32 | 16.24 | 11.76 | 9.97 | |||||
Level of university study | |||||||||||||||
Undergraduate | 57.48 | 20.34 | 1.20 | 13.91 | 5.80 | 1.22 | 16.92 | 6.49 | 0.616 | 47.50 | 16.45 | 1.14 | 14.77 | 11.21 | 0.424 |
Master’s | 54.94 | 21.32 | 13.10 | 5.76 | 15.88 | 7.45 | 45.42 | 17.66 | 15.45 | 13.20 | |||||
Doctorate | 68.14 | 24.20 | 16.86 | 6.79 | 18.57 | 6.75 | 55.86 | 18.88 | 18.57 | 11.10 |
Total Addiction | F 1 Obsessed with SNs | F 2 Lack of Control over SN Use | F 3 Excessive Use of SNs | Anxiety | Age | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Addiction | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
F1. Obsessed with SNs | 0.994 *** | - | - | - | - | - | - |
F2. Lack of control over SN use | 0.935 *** | 0.945 *** | - | - | - | - | - |
F3. Excessive use of SNs | 0.950 *** | 0.934 *** | 0.845 *** | - | - | - | - |
Anxiety | 0.232 *** | 0.237 *** | 0.230 *** | 0.201 *** | - | - | - |
Age | −0.318 *** | −0.337 *** | −0.377 *** | −0.268 *** | −0.292 *** | - | - |
Gender | 0.90 | 0.082 | 0.085 | 0.118 * | 0.128 ** | 0.01 | - |
Independent | F 1 Obsessed with SNs | F 2 Lack of Control over SN use | F 3 Excessive Use of SNs | Total Addiction | Anxiety | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | S.E. | b | β | p | S.E. | b | β | p | S.E. | b | β | p | S.E. | b | β | p | S.E. | b | |
Gender | 0.078 | 0.137 | 3.26 | 4.86 | 0.079 | 0.132 | 0.92 | 1.39 | 0.122 | 0.020 | 1.04 | 2.42 | 0.090 | 0.089 | 2.64 | 4.50 | 0.103 | 0.050 | 1.80 | 3.54 |
R2 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.008 | 0.011 | |||||||||||||||
Age | −0.289 | 0.000 | 0.099 | −0.567 | −0.339 | 0.000 | 0.02 | −0.18 | −0.248 | 0.000 | 0.03 | −0.15 | −0.276 | 0.000 | 0.08 | −0.43 | −0.283 | 0.000 | 0.05 | −0.30 |
R2 | 0.083 | 0.115 | 0.062 | 0.076 | 0.080 |
B | ET | Beta | t | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MODEL 1 | |||||
F1. Obsessed with SNs | 0.142 | 0.028 | 0.256 | 5.022 | 0.000 *** |
MODEL 2 | |||||
F1. Obsessed with SNs | 0.101 | 0.085 | 0.181 | 1.188 | 0.236 |
F2. Lack of control of SN use | 0.156 | 0.299 | 0.080 | 0.521 | 0.602 |
MODEL 3 | |||||
F1. Obsessed with SNs | 0.266 | 0.115 | 0.479 | 2.314 | 0.021 * |
F2. Lack of control of SN use | 0.048 | 0.301 | 0.024 | 0.158 | 0.875 |
F3. Excessive use of SNs | −0.466 | 0.220 | −0.269 | −2.116 | 0.035 * |
MODEL 4 | |||||
F1. Obsessed with SNs | 0.299 | 0.112 | 0.540 | 2.665 | 0.008 * |
F2. Lack of control of SN use | −0.222 | 0.300 | −0.113 | −0.739 | 0.461 |
F3. Excessive use of SNs | −0.461 | 0.215 | −0.266 | −2.147 | 0.032 * |
Age | −0.253 | 0.058 | −0.232 | −4.382 | 0.000 * |
MODEL 5 | |||||
F1. Obsessed with SNs | 0.318 | 0.112 | 0.574 | 2.836 | 0.005 ** |
F2. Lack of control of SN use | −0.248 | 0.299 | −0.127 | −0.828 | 0.408 |
F3. Excessive use of SNs | −0.518 | 0.216 | −0.300 | −2.405 | 0.017 * |
Age | −2.55 | 0.057 | −0.234 | −4.442 | 0.000 ** |
Gender | 3.545 | 1.718 | 0.103 | 2.063 | 0.040 * |
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Lozano Blasco, R.; Latorre Cosculluela, C.; Quílez Robres, A. Social Network Addiction and Its Impact on Anxiety Level among University Students. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135397
Lozano Blasco R, Latorre Cosculluela C, Quílez Robres A. Social Network Addiction and Its Impact on Anxiety Level among University Students. Sustainability. 2020; 12(13):5397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135397
Chicago/Turabian StyleLozano Blasco, Raquel, Cecilia Latorre Cosculluela, and Alberto Quílez Robres. 2020. "Social Network Addiction and Its Impact on Anxiety Level among University Students" Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135397
APA StyleLozano Blasco, R., Latorre Cosculluela, C., & Quílez Robres, A. (2020). Social Network Addiction and Its Impact on Anxiety Level among University Students. Sustainability, 12(13), 5397. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135397