How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Definition of CSA in a General Framework
3. The Literature on CSA and the Barriers for its Diffusion
3.1. Methodology
- (1)
- A predominant search term (“Smart Agriculture”) and other search criteria (“adaptation”, “mitigation”, “policy”);
- (2)
- A time period of publication between 2009 and 2019;
- (3)
- The publication type, such as article, review, or book chapter;
- (4)
- English as the language of publication.
3.2. Results
4. An Analysis of the European Financed Projects
- (a)
- Project acronym;
- (b)
- Years of the project (between 2009–2019);
- (c)
- Organization country;
- (d)
- Domain of application (food and natural resources, climate change and environment).
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Project Abbreviation | Project Title | Description |
---|---|---|
ECHORD PLUS PLUS | European Clearing House for Open Robotics Development Plus Plus | robotics for vegetable harvest |
SWEEPER | Sweet Pepper Harvesting Robot | robotics for vegetable harvest |
VINEROBOT | Vine Yard Robot | robotics for wine production |
FIGARO | Flexible and Precise Irrigation Platform to Improve Farm Scale Water Productivity | irrigation technology, DSS |
SYMPHONY | Integrated System Based on Photonic Microresonators and Microfluidic Components for Rapid Detection of Toxins in Milk and Dairy Products | sensors for dairy producers |
AGROIT | Advanced Farm Management | virtual platform, app |
FOODIE | Farm-oriented Open Data in Europe | cloud computing |
AUDITOR | Advanced Multi-Constellation EGNSS Augmentation and Monitoring | GNNS ground based augmentation system |
4D4F | Internet of Food and Farms 2020 | mapping, sensor for agri-food |
IoF 2020 | Data Driven Dairy Decisions for Farmers | technology for breeders |
RECAP | Reinforcing CAP | big data to improve CAP, respect of law |
SMART AKIS | Smart Farming Thematic Network | information about new technology in agriculture |
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Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Text in English | Text in languages other than English |
Publication type is article, review, or book chapter | Publication type is different |
Linked to the agricultural sector | Linked to other sectors |
Published in the period (2009–2019) | Published in other periods |
Addresses at least one of the barriers (economic, institutional, behavioral, organizational, market) | Addresses none of the barriers |
Barrier Type | Barrier Specification | Source |
---|---|---|
Economic | High initial cost | McCarthy et al. [24]; Bogdanski [25]; Siedenburg et al. [15]; Neufeldt et al. [26]; Harvey et al. [27]; Lipper et al. [18]; Steenwerth et al. [7]; Wright et al. [28]; Peterson [29]; Rosenstock et al. [30]; Ampaire et al. [31]; Long et al. [23]; Zougmoré et al. [32]; Rosenstock et al. [33]; Engel [34]; |
High Implementation cost | ||
Hidden cost (transactional cost) | ||
Uncertain returns and results | ||
Poor Access to Capital | ||
Temporal asymmetry between costs and benefits | ||
Long pay-back periods (ROI) | Khatri-Chhetri et al. [35]; Chandra et al. [12]; Lee [36]; Sain et al. [37]; Andrieu et al. [38]; | |
Over discounting the future | Westermann et al. [39]; Senyolo et al. [40]; | |
Institutional | Low institutional support | Scherr et al. [41]; Bogdanski [25]; Neufeldt et al. [26]; Harvey et al. [27]; Lipper et al. [18]; Wright et al. [28]; Ampaire et al. [31]; Zougmoré et al. [32]; Dougil et al. [42]; Chandra et al. [12]; Andrieu et al. [38]; Senyolo et al. [40]; |
Lack of regulatory framework | ||
Policies and Institutions | ||
Behavioral | Results/effects of technology difficult to observe | Neufeldt et al. [26]; Harvey et al. [27]; Steenwerth et al. [7]; Peterson [29]; Khatri-Chhetri et al. [35]; Senyolo et al. [40]; |
Conflict with traditional methods | ||
Farmers’ beliefs and/or opinions | ||
Farmers’ level of education | ||
Lack of management support/awareness | ||
Organizational | Poor information | Scherr et al. [41]; Neufeldt et al. [26]; Lipper et al. [18]; Steenwerth et al. [7]; Rosenstock et al. [30]; Ampaire et al. [31]; Long et al. [23]; Zougmoré et al. [32]; Rosenstock et al. [33]; Engel [34]; Dougil et al. [42]; Chandra et al. [12]; Senyolo et al. [40]; |
Inability to assess technologies | ||
Lack of required competencies/skills required to use technologies | ||
Market | Uncertainty | McCarthy et al. [24]; Bogdanski [25]; Rosenstock et al. [30]; Brandt et al. [43]; Lee [36]; Scherer et al. [44]; Westermann et al. [39]; |
Poor information | ||
Lack of market attractiveness Market not aligned to preferences |
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Fusco, G.; Melgiovanni, M.; Porrini, D.; Ricciardo, T.M. How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125168
Fusco G, Melgiovanni M, Porrini D, Ricciardo TM. How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):5168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125168
Chicago/Turabian StyleFusco, Giulio, Marta Melgiovanni, Donatella Porrini, and Traci Michelle Ricciardo. 2020. "How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125168