Influence of Verbal Behavior Training on Performance for Sustainable Development in Childhood and Early Adolescence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Participants
2.3. Setting, Materials, and Stimuli
2.4. Design
2.5. Instructions and Applied Consequences
2.6. Condition 1. Teaching of Intraverbals
2.6.1. Phases
Pre-Tests
Teaching of Set 1
Set 1 Post-Tests
Teaching of Set 2
Set 2 Post-Tests
2.7. Condition 2. Teaching of Impure Tacts
2.7.1. Phases
Teaching of Set 1
2.8. Inter-Observer Agreement
2.9. Data Processing
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Consentimiento Informado
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- La prueba consiste en una evaluación de habilidades verbales inicial, la enseñanza de fotos de muñecos, palabras y números y por último una evaluación de habilidades verbales final.
- ▪
- Al participante se le mostrarán fotos de muñecos y se le dirán palabras y números.
- ▪
- El participante tan solo debe responder con las palabras y números que aparecen en un papel que se le entregará.
- ▪
- En ningún caso es necesario tener contacto físico con el participante puesto que el estudio no recoge ninguna variable que implique dicho contacto.
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- No se recoge ninguna muestra biológica (orina, pelo, muestra de sangre, etc.)
- ▪
- El desarrollo del estudio puede ser grabado en audio con el fin de poder realizar la confiabilidad de datos con otro investigador del grupo de investigación.
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- La duración del estudio será de aproximadamente 45 minutos.
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- Los datos personales, así como los resultados obtenidos en el estudio, serán tratados según Reglamento (EU) 2016/679—Reglamento relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos y por el que se deroga la Directiva 95/46/CE (Reglamento general de protección de datos),aprobado el 14 de abril de 2016, por lo que no serán utilizados para ningún fin comercial ni serán cedidos a terceros.
- ▪
- Los datos obtenidos tendrán como fin el estudio y el avance del conocimiento científico de la conducta verbal y el desarrollo de mejoras en dicho campo, a través de un Trabajo Final de Máster y una Tesis Doctoral de la Universidad de Córdoba.
Appendix B
Participants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase | Conseq. | Trials | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | |
Pre-tests Set 1 and Set 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impure tact | 1. | No | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
Intraverbal | 2. | No | 12 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 3 |
Intraverbal | 3. | No | 12 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
Impure tact | 4 | No | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 |
Intraverbal | 5. | No | 12 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Intraverbal | 6. | No | 12 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Training Set 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pure tact | 7. | Yes | 10 | 13/14 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Pure tact | 8. | Yes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 16/17 | 10 | 10 |
Intraverbal | 9. | Yes | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 19/30 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13/14 | 12 | 12 | 14/15 | 12 | 12 |
Intraverbal | 10. | Yes | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 20/21 | 12 | 12 | 13/15 | 23/28 | 12 | 23/24 | 12 | 20/21 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 16/18 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Post-tests Set 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impure tact | 11. | No | 12 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
Intraverbal | 12 | No | 12 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
Intraverbal | 13 | No | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
Training Set 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pure tact | 14 | Yes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Pure tact | 15 | Yes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 13/16 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10/11 | 10 | 16/17 | 12/13 | 12/15 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Intraverbal | 16 | Yes | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 18/20 | 12 | 23/24 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 19/20 | 12 | 12 | 18/20 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Intraverbal | 17. | Yes | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13/14 | 28/30 | 12 | 12 | 17/20 | 21/24 | 16/17 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 22/23 | 12 | 32/34 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Post-tests Set 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impure tact | 18 | No | 12 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
Intraverbal | 19 | No | 12 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
Intraverbal | 20 | No | 12 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
Participants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase | Conseq. | Trials | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | |
Pre-tests Set 1 and Set 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impure tact | 1. | No | 12 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Intraverbal | 2. | No | 12 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Intraverbal | 3. | No | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
Impure tact | 4 | No | 12 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
Intraverbal | 5. | No | 12 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Intraverbal | 6. | No | 12 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
Training Set 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pure tact | 7. | Yes | 10 | 10/11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10/11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11/17 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10/11 | 10 | 10 |
Pure tact | 8. | Yes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Impure tact | 9. | Yes | 12 | 12 | 12/13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 21/22 | 12 | 16/17 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13/15 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Impure tact | 10. | Yes | 12 | 12 | 17/18 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 27/29 | 12 | 17/18 | 12 | 18/20 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Post-tests Set 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impure tact | 11. | No | 12 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 6 |
Intraverbal | 12 | No | 12 | 6 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 12 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
Intraverbal | 13 | No | 12 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Training Set 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pure tact | 14 | Yes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12/13 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Pure tact | 15 | Yes | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10/11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 14/15 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12/13 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Intraverbal | 16 | Yes | 12 | 12 | 20/21 | 15/17 | 12 | 13/16 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13/14 | 12 | 12 | 13/15 | 12 | 13/15 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Intraverbal | 17. | Yes | 12 | 12 | 21/22 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12/13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 16/17 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12/14 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Post-tests Set 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impure tact | 18 | No | 12 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 10 |
Intraverbal | 19 | No | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 2 |
Intraverbal | 20 | No | 12 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 2 |
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Phases | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Common | Common | Specific | Common | Common | Common | |
Pre-Tests Set 1 and Set 2 | Training Phases Set 1 | Training Phases Set 1 | Post-Tests Set 1 | Training Phases Set 2 | Post-Tests Set 2 | |
Condition 1 | Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 | Phase 7 Phase 8 | Phase 9 Intraverbals Phase 10 Intraverbals | Phase 11 Phase 12 Phase 13 | Phase 14 Phase 15 Phase 16 Phase 17 | Phase 18 Phase 19 Phase 20 |
Condition 2 | Phase 9 Impure Tacts Phase 10 Impure Tacts |
Condition 1 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phases | Conseq. | Trials | Stimulus Relation | ||
Pre-tests | |||||
SET 1 | Impure tacts | 1. Test (AB)-RX | No | 12 | A1B1-RC1; A1B2-RD1; A2B1-RC2; A2B2-RD2 |
Intraverbals | 2. Test (B2C)-RD | No | 12 | B2C1-RD1; B2C2-RD2 | |
3. Test (B1D)-RC | No | 12 | B1D1-RC1; B1D2-RC2 | ||
SET 2 | Impure tacts | 4. Test (AB)-RX | No | 12 | A3B1-RC3; A3B2-RD3; A4B1-RC4; A4B2-RD4 |
Intraverbals | 5. Test (B2C)-RD | No | 12 | B2C3-RD3; B2C4-RD4 | |
6. Test (B1D)-RC | No | 12 | B1D3-RC3; B1D4-RC4 | ||
Teaching of Set 1 | |||||
Pure tacts | 7. Teaching A-RC | Yes | 10 | A1-RC1; A2-RC2 | |
8. Teaching A-RD | Yes | 10 | A1-RD1; A2-RD2 | ||
Intraverbals | 9. Teaching B-RX1 | Yes | 12 | B1-RC1; B2-RD1 | |
10. Teaching B-RX2 | Yes | 12 | B1-RC2; B2-RD2 | ||
Post-tests Set 1 | |||||
Impure tacts | 11. Test (AB)-RX | No | 12 | A1B1-RC1; A1B2-RD1; A2B1-RC2; A2B2-RD2 | |
Intraverbals | 12. Test (B2C)-RD | No | 12 | B2C1-RD1; B2C2-RD2 | |
13. Test (B1D)-RC | No | 12 | B1D1-RC1; B1D2-RC2 | ||
Teaching of Set 2 | |||||
Pure tacts | 14. Teaching A-RC | Yes | 10 | A3-RC3; A4-RC4 | |
15. Teaching A-RD | Yes | 10 | A3-RD3; A4-RD4 | ||
Intraverbals | 16. Teaching B-RX3 | Yes | 12 | B1-RC3; B2-RD3 | |
17. Teaching B-RX4 | Yes | 12 | B1-RC4; B2-RD4 | ||
Post-tests Set 2 | |||||
Impure tacts | 18. Test (AB)-RX | No | 12 | A3B1-RC3; A3B2-RD3; A4B1-RC4; A4B2-RD4 | |
Intraverbals | 19. Test (B2C)-RD | No | 12 | B2C3-RD3; B2C4-RD4 | |
20. Test (B1D)-RC | No | 12 | B1D3-RC3; B1D4-RC4 |
Condition 2 | ||
---|---|---|
Phases | Stimulus Relation | |
Pre-Tests | ||
IDEM | ||
Teaching of Set 1 | ||
Pure tacts | 7. Teaching A-RC | A1-RC1; A2-RC2 |
8. Teaching A-RD | A1-RD1; A2-RD2 | |
Impure tacts | 9. Teaching A1B-RX1 | A1B1-RC1; A1B2-RD1 |
10. Teaching A2B-RX2 | A2B1-RC2; A2B2-RD2 | |
Post-tests Set 1 | ||
IDEM | ||
Teaching of Set 2 | ||
IDEM | ||
Post-tests Set 2 | ||
IDEM |
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Maldonado, M.A.; Alós, F.J.; Povedano-Díaz, A. Influence of Verbal Behavior Training on Performance for Sustainable Development in Childhood and Early Adolescence. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125140
Maldonado MA, Alós FJ, Povedano-Díaz A. Influence of Verbal Behavior Training on Performance for Sustainable Development in Childhood and Early Adolescence. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125140
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaldonado, Miguel A., Francisco J. Alós, and Amapola Povedano-Díaz. 2020. "Influence of Verbal Behavior Training on Performance for Sustainable Development in Childhood and Early Adolescence" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125140
APA StyleMaldonado, M. A., Alós, F. J., & Povedano-Díaz, A. (2020). Influence of Verbal Behavior Training on Performance for Sustainable Development in Childhood and Early Adolescence. Sustainability, 12(12), 5140. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125140