Seawater Fluorescence Near Oil Occurrence
Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 4049; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104049
Received: 31 March 2020 / Revised: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 / Published: 15 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Environmental Impacts of Oil and Gas Industry: Potential and Limits of Remote Sensing Methods)
Petroleum and its related products pose a serious pollution risk to the world’s seas and require a simple, rapid detection method. This is a difficult task if the pollution is under the water surface. One common approach to oil detection is excitation-emission spectroscopy (EEMs) of seawater exposed to oil for analyzing the fluorometric index (FIo/w) as a potential indicator of oil presence in the marine environment. In this paper, FIo/w was determined for both natural seawater and samples of the same water, but exposed to a relatively small portion of oil. The water samples were collected from the coastal and port waters of the Gdynia region (Southern Baltic Sea) from five stations, four times at two-week intervals. FIo/w indicates the changes between seawater sampled from the marine environment and the same seawater polluted with oil substances. Moreover, the obtained FIo/w values do not depend on the point and time of sampling. In all cases of seawater exposed to oil, significantly higher FIo/w values were observed than for unpolluted seawater. Moreover, the detection of oil by analyzing the value of FIo/w is efficient if the oil-to-water weight ratio is close to or above 5 × 10−6.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
oil in seawater; oil fluorescence; oil detection; seawater fluorescence; excitation-emission spectra; fluorometric index
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Baszanowska, E.; Otremba, Z. Seawater Fluorescence Near Oil Occurrence. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4049. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104049
AMA Style
Baszanowska E, Otremba Z. Seawater Fluorescence Near Oil Occurrence. Sustainability. 2020; 12(10):4049. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104049
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaszanowska, Emilia, and Zbigniew Otremba. 2020. "Seawater Fluorescence Near Oil Occurrence" Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4049. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104049
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
