Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Data Sources
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.2.1. Landsat Image Processing and Derivation of Land Use Map
2.2.2. Spatial Variables Selection and Expression
3. Methodology
3.1. Morphological Index of Urban Spatial Expansion
- (1)
- The Compactness Index (C)
- (2)
- The Patch Density Index (PD)
- (3)
- The Spatial Center of Gravity Transfer Index (GT)
- (4)
- The Orientation Proportion Index (OP)
3.2. MCE-CA Model
3.3. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method
3.4. Kappa Coefficient
4. Results
4.1. Characteristics of Urban Land Use Spatiotemporal Expansion
4.1.1. Characteristics of Urban Morphological Change
4.1.2. The Spatial Center of Gravity Transfer and Orientation Proportion Analysis
4.2. Delimiting the Urban Development Boundaries Based on the MCE-CA Model
5. Discussion
5.1. Spatial Characteristic of Urban Land
5.2. Technical Methods of Delimitation UGBs
5.3. Suggestions on UGBs
5.4. Research Prospects of UGBs
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Variable | Description | Value | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Driving factors | x1 | Population density | 0–1 | Night-time light data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ngdc.html) |
x2 | Distance from the city center | 0–1 | City center data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x3 | Distance from the town center | 0–1 | Town center data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x4 | Distance from the airport | 0–1 | Airport data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x5 | Distance from the railway | 0–1 | Railway data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x6 | Distance from the highway | 0–1 | Highway data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x7 | Distance from the county road | 0–1 | County road data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
Constraint factors | x8 | Slope | 0–1 | Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data from Geospatial Data Cloud (http://www.gscloud.cn) |
x9 | Ecological protection zone | 0–1 | Ecological protection zone data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x10 | Basic farmland protection zone | 0–1 | Basic farmland protection zone data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning | |
x11 | Historical relics protection zone | 0–1 | Historical relics protection zone data from Gansu Academy of Natural Resources Planning |
N | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 | 1.51 |
Year | Area/km2 | C | PD | X | Y | D/m | OP | β/Degree Minute Second |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 32.51 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 98°16′16″ | 39°48′34″ | |||
1995 | 46.47 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 98°16′16″ | 39°48′45″ | 348.92 | N | 103°41′31″ |
2000 | 49.90 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 98°16′16″ | 39°48′40″ | 138.91 | S | 92°16′50″ |
2005 | 63.41 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 98°16′23″ | 39°48′24″ | 559.79 | SE | 63°30′1″ |
2010 | 77.94 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 98°16′23″ | 39°48′42″ | 580.96 | N | 106°32′29″ |
2015 | 104.58 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 98°16′35″ | 39°48′36″ | 501.53 | SE | 23°10′35″ |
xn | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | x9 | x10 | x11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wn | 0.163 | 0.126 | 0.096 | 0.083 | 0.105 | 0.088 | 0.073 | 0.112 | 0.065 | 0.051 | 0.038 |
Year | Area/km2 | C | PD | X | Y | D/m | OP | β/Degree Minute Second |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 104.58 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 98°16′35″ | 39°48′36″ | |||
2020 | 110.73 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 98°16′42″ | 39°48′33″ | 359.66 | SE | 70°47′32″ |
2030 | 152.63 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 98°17′36″ | 39°47′35″ | 470.28 | SE | 35°44′26″ |
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Ren, J.; Zhou, W.; Liu, X.; Zhou, L.; Guo, J.; Wang, Y.; Guan, Y.; Mao, J.; Huang, Y.; Ma, R. Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010210
Ren J, Zhou W, Liu X, Zhou L, Guo J, Wang Y, Guan Y, Mao J, Huang Y, Ma R. Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12(1):210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010210
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Jun, Wei Zhou, Xuelu Liu, Liang Zhou, Jing Guo, Yonghao Wang, Yanjun Guan, Jingtian Mao, Yuhan Huang, and Rongrong Ma. 2020. "Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China" Sustainability 12, no. 1: 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010210
APA StyleRen, J., Zhou, W., Liu, X., Zhou, L., Guo, J., Wang, Y., Guan, Y., Mao, J., Huang, Y., & Ma, R. (2020). Urban Expansion and Growth Boundaries in an Oasis City in an Arid Region: A Case Study of Jiayuguan City, China. Sustainability, 12(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010210