Decomposition Analysis of Factors that Drive the Changes of Major Air Pollutant Emissions in China at a Multi-Regional Level
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method and Data
3. Empirical Results
3.1. Holistic Analysis
3.2. Regional Analysis
3.2.1. Regional Emission Efficiency Effect
3.2.2. Regional Energy Intensity Effect
3.2.3. Regional Population Structure Effect
3.2.4. Regional Relative Income Effect
3.2.5. National Economic Growth Effect
4. Discussions
4.1. The Regional Emission Efficiency Effect was the Key Curbing Factor
4.2. The Regional Energy Intensity Effect Curbed APEs
4.3. The Regional Population Structure and Regional Relative Income had a Small Effect on APEs
4.4. The National Economic Growth Effect was the Key Promoting Factor
5. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Definition |
---|---|
AP | Total air pollutants |
APi | Air pollutants from region i |
Ei | Fossil energy use for region i |
G | National GDP |
Gi | Region i’s GDP |
P | National population |
Pi | Population in region i |
APIi | Air pollutant emission efficiency for region i |
EIi | Energy intensity for region i |
PIi | Population proportion for region i |
RIi | GDP per capita for region i |
NI | National GDP per capita |
Variable | Definition | Unit |
---|---|---|
Regional emission efficiency | Air pollutants divided by fossil energy use for a certain region | 104t/tce |
Regional energy intensity | Fossil energy use divided by GDP for a certain region | tce/104RMB |
Regional population structure | Ratio of regional population to the national total | % |
Regional relative income | Regional income per capita divided by national income per capita |
SO2 | Northern Region | Eastern Region | Central Region | Southern Region | Southwestern Region | Northwestern Region | Northeastern Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005–2007 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2007–2009 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ |
2009–2011 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2011–2013 | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
2013–2015 | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
NOx | Northern Region | Eastern Region | Central Region | Southern Region | Southwestern Region | Northwestern Region | Northeastern Region |
2005–2007 | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
2007–2009 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2009–2011 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2011–2013 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ⇡ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
2013–2015 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ↓ | ↓ |
PM2.5 | Northern Region | Eastern Region | Central Region | Southern Region | Southwestern Region | Northwestern Region | Northeastern Region |
2005–2007 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ |
2007–2009 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2009–2011 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 |
2011–2013 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
2013–2015 | ↓ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
SO2 | Northern Region | Eastern Region | Central Region | Southern Region | Southwestern Region | Northwestern Region | Northeastern Region |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005–2007 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | ⇣ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
2007–2009 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | ⇣ |
2009–2011 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ⇡ | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ |
2011–2013 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ |
2013–2015 | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
NOx | Northern Region | Eastern Region | Central Region | Southern Region | Southwestern Region | Northwestern Region | Northeastern Region |
2005–2007 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
2007–2009 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
2009–2011 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ |
2011–2013 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | ⇣ | 🠋 |
2013–2015 | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
PM2.5 | Northern Region | Eastern Region | Central Region | Southern Region | Southwestern Region | Northwestern Region | Northeastern Region |
2005–2007 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 | ↓ | 🠋 |
2007–2009 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ⇣ | ↓ | ⇣ | ↓ |
2009–2011 | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↑ | 🠋 | 🠋 | 🠋 |
2011–2013 | ↓ | 🠋 | 🠋 | ↓ | ↓ | ⇣ | ↓ |
2013–2015 | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ⇣ | ↓ | ⇣ | ⇣ |
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Yang, J.; Miao, Y.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Ma, X.; Xu, S.; Wang, S. Decomposition Analysis of Factors that Drive the Changes of Major Air Pollutant Emissions in China at a Multi-Regional Level. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247113
Yang J, Miao Y, Li Y, Li Y, Ma X, Xu S, Wang S. Decomposition Analysis of Factors that Drive the Changes of Major Air Pollutant Emissions in China at a Multi-Regional Level. Sustainability. 2019; 11(24):7113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247113
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jun, Yongmei Miao, Yunfan Li, Yiwen Li, Xiaoxue Ma, Shichun Xu, and Shuxiao Wang. 2019. "Decomposition Analysis of Factors that Drive the Changes of Major Air Pollutant Emissions in China at a Multi-Regional Level" Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247113