An Efficient Waste-To-Energy Model in Isolated Environments. Case Study: La Gomera (Canary Islands)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Motivation
1.2. Objectives
1.3. Structure of the Article
2. Municipal solid waste in Insular Electric Systems (IES): Canary Islands
2.1. The Management of Municipal Solid Waste
2.2. Composition of Waste in the Canary Islands
2.3. Waste Treatment Technologies
2.3.1. Landfill Deposit
2.3.2. Recycling
2.3.3. Thermochemical Processes
2.4. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions in the Waste Treatment and Disposal Sector
3. Case Study: Waste Management in La Gomera
3.1. The Management of Municipal Solid Waste in La Gomera
3.2. Treatment and Characterization of the Study Samples
4. Material and Methods
4.1. The Model
4.2. Calculation of Landfill Emissions
4.3. Estimation of the Future Population in La Gomera
4.4. Estimation of the Energy Generated by the Waste Stream
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Landfill Deposit | Biological Treatment of MSW | Incineration | Sewage Treatment | Others | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gg CO2-eq | % | Gg CO2-eq | % | Gg CO2-eq | % | Gg CO2-eq | % | Gg CO2-eq | % | Gg CO2-eq | |
2008 | 1064.3 | 93.3 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 69.9 | 6.1 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 1141.1 |
2009 | 1064.8 | 93.4 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 69.2 | 6.1 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 1136.8 |
2010 | 1056.5 | 93.5 | 6.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 65.5 | 5.8 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1130.1 |
2011 | 1102.9 | 93.8 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 66.3 | 5.6 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1175.4 |
2012 | 1111.4 | 93.4 | 10.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 66.2 | 5.6 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1189.3 |
2013 | 1095.8 | 91.4 | 35.0 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 66.5 | 5.5 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1198.7 |
2014 | 1096.8 | 93.4 | 9.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 67.2 | 5.7 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1174.9 |
2015 | 1107.0 | 93.6 | 6.8 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 67.8 | 5.8 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1183.0 |
2016 | 1110.5 | 93.5 | 6.8 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 68.5 | 5.8 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1187.3 |
Fractions | Typology | Kg | % | Relative % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Organic fraction | <25 mm | 22.0 | 9.5 | 29.3 |
25 < x < 80 mm | 16.3 | 7.1 | 21.8 | |
>80 mm | 15.9 | 6.9 | 21.2 | |
Plant-origin residues | 20.8 | 9.0 | 27.7 | |
Total organic fraction | 75.1 | 32.4 | 100 | |
Paper and cardboard | Paper | 15.3 | 6.6 | 53.5 |
Cardboard | 13.3 | 5.7 | 46.5 | |
Total paper and carboard | 28.6 | 12.3 | 100 | |
Packaging | Low Density Polyethylene | 15.9 | 6.9 | 45.8 |
Bricks | 4.8 | 2.1 | 13.8 | |
Ferrous | 2.2 | 1.0 | 6.4 | |
Non-ferrous | 1.8 | 0.8 | 5.3 | |
Polyethylene Terephthalate | 1.6 | 0.7 | 4.6 | |
White High Density Polyethylene | 1.7 | 0.7 | 4.8 | |
Coloured High Density Polyethylen | 1.2 | 0.5 | 3.6 | |
PVC | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | |
Other plastics | 1.0 | 0.5 | 3.0 | |
Glass | 3.0 | 1.3 | 8.6 | |
Wood | 1.4 | 0.6 | 4.2 | |
Total packaging | 34.7 | 15.0 | 100 | |
Non-packaging | Plastics | 11.1 | 4.8 | 11.9 |
Ferrous | 7.4 | 3.2 | 8.0 | |
Non-ferrous | 3.7 | 1.6 | 4.0 | |
Glass | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Other | 28.0 | 12.1 | 30.1 | |
Textiles | 17.4 | 7.5 | 18.7 | |
Rubber and leather | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | |
Wood | 14.8 | 6.4 | 15.9 | |
Sanitary/Hygienic | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.9 | |
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment | 4.4 | 1.9 | 4.7 | |
Inert | 2.7 | 1.2 | 2.9 | |
Total non-packaging | 93.2 | 40.2 | 100 |
Year | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
Population | 26,908 | 27,340 | 27,776 | 28,211 | 28,641 | 29,078 | 29,510 | 29,938 | 30,369 | 30,794 |
Year | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Processed Flow | Percentage (%) | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Total |
Fraction to recycle | 30 | 3442.18 | 3497.44 | 3553.22 | 3608.86 | 3663.87 | 3719.77 | 3775.03 | 3829.78 | 3884.92 | 3639.29 | 36,614.36 |
Fraction rejected | 10 | 1147.39 | 1165.81 | 1184.40 | 1202.95 | 1221.29 | 1239.93 | 1258.34 | 1276.60 | 1294.97 | 1213.10 | 12,204.79 |
Energy fuel | 60 | 6884.35 | 6994.88 | 7106.43 | 7217.73 | 7327.74 | 7439.54 | 7550.06 | 7659.58 | 7769.85 | 7278.58 | 73,228.73 |
TOTAL | 100 | 11,473.92 | 11,658.13 | 11,844.05 | 12,029.54 | 12,212.9 | 12,399.24 | 12,583.43 | 12,765.96 | 12,949.74 | 12,130.97 | 122,047.88 |
Waste Stream | Density (kg/m3) | Volume (m3) | Quantity (Tn) | Quantity per Year (Tn/Year) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Landfill waste | 650.00 | 227,500 | 147,875 | - |
Processed flow | Percentage (%) | Quantity (Tn) | Quantity per year (Tn/year) | |
Soil and aggregates | 40 | 59,150.00 | 5915.00 | |
Fraction to recycle | 10 | 14,787.50 | 1478.75 | |
Fraction rejected | 8 | 11,830.00 | 1183.00 | |
Energy fuel | 42 | 62,107.50 | 6210.75 | |
TOTAL | 100 | 147,875.00 | 14,787.00 |
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Uche-Soria, M.; Rodríguez-Monroy, C. An Efficient Waste-To-Energy Model in Isolated Environments. Case Study: La Gomera (Canary Islands). Sustainability 2019, 11, 3198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113198
Uche-Soria M, Rodríguez-Monroy C. An Efficient Waste-To-Energy Model in Isolated Environments. Case Study: La Gomera (Canary Islands). Sustainability. 2019; 11(11):3198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113198
Chicago/Turabian StyleUche-Soria, Manuel, and Carlos Rodríguez-Monroy. 2019. "An Efficient Waste-To-Energy Model in Isolated Environments. Case Study: La Gomera (Canary Islands)" Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113198