Organic Feed: A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Arguments Scheme of the Paper
1.2. The Global Context: Producing Sustainably in the Face of an Increasing Demand for Animal Protein and the Risk of Food Insecurity
1.3. Consumers’ Behavior and Market Trends: Consumers Demand More Sustainable Farming Systems and Alternatives to Animal Protein in the Most Developed Countries
1.4. The Importance of Animal Nutrition for Sustainability
2. Organic Livestock Farming: A Way to Achieve Agricultural Sustainability
2.1. Organic Regulations
2.2. Is It Necessary to Use Organic Feed Supplements? A Case Study of Dairy Cattle
2.2.1. Benefits of Using Local Resources and Grazing Techniques
2.2.2. The Benefit of Using Feed Supplements: Why the Feed Industry and Regulators Must Have the Same Goal
2.3. Market Limitations in the Use of External Organic Feed: Availability, Price, and Farm Economics
3. Discussion: Needs and Proposals
3.1. Feed Additives: Organic Farming Needs Functional Feedstuff Due to Restrictions on Veterinary Drugs
3.2. Other Nutritional and Technical Management Strategies
3.3. Other Strategies: Longevity and Robustness
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Grass | Low Supplement | High Supplement |
---|---|---|---|
Milk (kg/day) | 14.3a | 17.4b | 18.6b |
Fat (kg/day) | 0.50a | 0.63b | 0.66b |
Fat (%) | 3.57 | 3.64 | 3.61 |
Protein (kg/day) | 0.45a | 0.56b | 0.60b |
Protein (%) | 3.24 | 3.26 | 3.28 |
Somatic cell score | 3.30 | 3.34 | 3.05 |
Milk urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 14.7a | 10.9b | 8.7c |
Fat-corrected milk (lb) | 13.3a | 16.4b | 17.4b |
Energy-corrected milk (lb) | 14.4a | 16.2b | 17.0b |
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Escribano, A.J. Organic Feed: A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability? Sustainability 2018, 10, 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072393
Escribano AJ. Organic Feed: A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability? Sustainability. 2018; 10(7):2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072393
Chicago/Turabian StyleEscribano, Alfredo J. 2018. "Organic Feed: A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability?" Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072393