Social-Spatial Accessibility to Urban Educational Resources under the School District System: A Case Study of Public Primary Schools in Nanjing, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Educational Reform and Social Stratification: Uneven Social-Spatial Accessibility to Urban Educational Resources
2.1. Educational Reform, School District, and Uneven Educational Resources in Urban Areas
2.2. Social-Spatial Accessibility to Urban Educational Resources under the School District System
3. Methodology and Data
3.1. Data Features
3.2. Calculation Methods
4. Pattern and Evolution of Social-Spatial Accessibility of Education Resources in Nanjing
4.1. Geographic Accessibility
4.2. Difference in Opportunity Availability
4.3. Economic Affordability
4.4. Comprehensive Evaluation
5. The Mechanisms of Social-Spatial Lock-In of HQER
5.1. Spatial Locking of Educational Resources Differentiation under Historical Inertia
5.2. Opportunity Locking of Educational Resources Allocation under the Unit System
5.3. Pattern Locking of the Educational Quality Gap under Urban Expansion
5.4. Economic Locking of Educational Resources Allocation under Market Renting
6. Discussion: The Effects of Social-Spatial Lock-In of HQER
6.1. Urban Educational Resource Allocation Intertwine with Social-Spatial Reconstruction
6.2. Restricted Social Mobility and Educational Inequity under the Social-Spatial Lock-In of HQER
7. Conclusions: How to Conduct an Equitable Commitment between the Supply of and Demand for Educational Resources in the City
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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School Grade (Admission Rate) | 2008 | 2018 |
---|---|---|
Quantity | Quantity | |
Top-level (>10%) | 6 | 7 |
high-level (2–10%) | 10 | 11 |
moderate-level (0.5–2%) | 13 | 18 |
general (<0.5%) | 125 | 107 |
Geographic Accessibility Index | Opportunity Availability Index | Economic Affordability Index | |
---|---|---|---|
Variable description | Average distance of road network from each community to school in the district | The ratio of residential housing scale in the school district to that in the study area | The ratio of average housing price to per capita disposable income in the school district |
Calculation method | The sum of the shortest walk distance from each community to school in the district/the number of communities | The sum of the scale of each community in the district (the number of communities quality coefficient)/the total scale of residential communities in the study area | The average housing price per m2 in the district/per capita disposable income |
Notes | If a school has multiple addresses after merged, the authors will calculate the accessibility of each address and average the results. | Quality coefficient (building life-housing age)/building life. Building life is 50 years, which is the minimum standard according to General Code of Civic Construction in China. | Housing price is the transaction listing price. Per capita disposable income is that of cities and towns in the whole city of the year. |
Unit | m | ‰ | year/m2 |
Data sources | Data of residential communities about position, completion time, quantity and average price is provided by China House Price Market Platform. The locations of schools and the scopes of school districts are manually sorted out and drawn according to information publicly released by Nanjing Education Bureau. The vector network information is gained from Nanjing Planning Bureau. The data of per capita disposable income comes from Nanjing Statistical Yearbook. |
Ranking | 2008 | 2018 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name of the Primary School | Acceptance Rate (%) | Economic Affordability | Name of the Primary School | Acceptance Rate (%) | Economic Affordability | |||
Index (year/m2) | Ranking | Index (year/m2) | Ranking | |||||
1 | Lasalu | 16.01 | 0.678 | 5 | Langyalu | 17.01 | 1.160 | 2 |
2 | Langyalu | 14.05 | 0.864 | 1 | Lasalu | 16.25 | 1.004 | 3 |
3 | Lixue | 12.24 | 0.826 | 2 | Fangcaoyuan | 15.60 | 0.980 | 4 |
4 | Jinlinghuiwen | 10.82 | 0.538 | 39 | Beijingdonglu | 13.20 | 0.711 | 19 |
5 | Fangcaoyuan | 10.24 | 0.777 | 3 | Lixue | 12.50 | 1.178 | 1 |
6 | Yincheng | 10.18 | 0.589 | 13 | Yincheng | 11.34 | 0.867 | 5 |
7 | Nanshifuxiao | 7.93 | 0.754 | 4 | Jinlinghuiwen | 10.07 | 0.861 | 6 |
8 | Beijingdonglu | 7.59 | 0.661 | 6 | Nanshifuxiao | 7.14 | 0.752 | 14 |
9 | Tianzheng | 5.58 | 0.601 | 9 | Tianzheng | 6.98 | 0.784 | 11 |
10 | Hanjianglu | 5.01 | 0.615 | 8 | Youfuxijie | 6.36 | 0.849 | 7 |
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Xu, Y.; Song, W.; Liu, C. Social-Spatial Accessibility to Urban Educational Resources under the School District System: A Case Study of Public Primary Schools in Nanjing, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072305
Xu Y, Song W, Liu C. Social-Spatial Accessibility to Urban Educational Resources under the School District System: A Case Study of Public Primary Schools in Nanjing, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(7):2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072305
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Yan, Weixuan Song, and Chunhui Liu. 2018. "Social-Spatial Accessibility to Urban Educational Resources under the School District System: A Case Study of Public Primary Schools in Nanjing, China" Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072305