The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Research Framework
3.2. Data and Methods
3.2.1. In-Situ Analysis
3.2.2. Social survey
3.2.3. Regression Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Stable Population and Housing Policy
4.2. Differentiated Relocation Desire and Population Displacement
4.2.1. Determinants of Relocation Desire
4.2.2. Emerging Population Displacement
5. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Basic Information | |||||
Gender | male | female | |||
Hukou | local | non-local | |||
Age | <18 | 18–25 | 25–40 | 40–65 | >65 |
Employment | Retired | Employed | Unemployed | other | |
Income level * (RMB/month) | <1680 | 1680–2620 | 2620~4200 | 4200–8000 | >8000 |
Family size (person) | 1\2\3\4\5\6\7 … other numbers: ____; | ||||
Family structure | Live alone or with partner | Core family | Stem family | Joint family and other | |
Property ownership | Public housing | Private housing | Danwei housing | Rented and others | |
Housing area | _____m2 | ||||
Length of residence (year) | <1 | 1–3 | 3–10 | 10–18 | >18 |
Sense of community | 1\2\3\4\5 (1 = weak, 5 = strong) | ||||
Neighborhood communication | 1\2\3\4\5, (1 = none, high frequency) | ||||
Subjective Evaluation | |||||
Housing condition | 1\2\3\4\5\6\7 (1 = very bad, 7 = very good) | ||||
Infrastructure | 1\2\3\4\5\6\7 (1 = very bad, 7 = very good) | ||||
Road and traffic | 1\2\3\4\5\6\7 (1 = very bad, 7 = very good) | ||||
Public facility | 1\2\3\4\5\6\7 (1 = very bad, 7 = very good) | ||||
Tourism disturbance | 1\2\3\4\5 (1 = high disturbance, 5 = none disturbance) | ||||
Expected rent | 1\2\3\4\5 (1 = very high; 5 = very low) | ||||
Have tourism income? | yes | no | |||
Relocation Desire | |||||
Do you want to move? | yes | no | |||
How much do you want to move? | 1\2\3\4\5 (1 = strong intention to move, 5 = not at all) | ||||
What matters in relocation decision? | Please list five most import factors1.________; 2. ________; 3. ________; 4. ________; 5. ________; | ||||
Comments on conservation plan and suggestions for community development? |
Householder | Family Members | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Proportion | Number | Proportion | ||
In total | 272 | 100% | 693 | 100% | |
Length of residence (year) | <3 * | 28 | 10.3% | -- | -- |
3–18 | 39 | 14.3% | -- | -- | |
>18 | 205 | 75.4% | |||
Relocation desire (binary) | move | 141 | 51.8% | 487 | 70.3% |
Not move | 131 | 48.2% | 206 | 29.7% |
Variables | Min/Max | Frequency/Coding | Sample (N = 272) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | s.d. | |||
Relocation desire | 1/5 | 1 = strong, 5 = no desire | 3.02 | 1.61 |
Living condition factors | ||||
Housing area (m2) | 7/300 | -- | 56.43 | 47.03 |
Per capita housing area (m2) | 3.5/60 | -- | 18.54 | 11.52 |
Housing condition | 1/7 | 1 = very bad, 7 = very good | 3.25 | 1.99 |
Infrastructure | 1/7 | 1 = very bad, 7 = very good | 3.51 | 1.65 |
Road and traffic | 1/7 | 1 = very bad, 7 = very good | 3.51 | 1.69 |
Public facility | 1/7 | 1 = very bad, 7 = very good | 5.65 | 1.24 |
Tourism development factors | ||||
Tourism disturbance | 1/5 | 1 = high disturbance, 5 = none | 3.69 | 1.02 |
Expected rent | 1/5 | 1 = very high, 5 = very low | 2.47 | 1.05 |
Having tourism income or not | -- | 1 = yes, 0 = no | 0.10 | 0.30 |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Gender | -- | 1 = male, 0 = female | 0.42 | 0.49 |
Hukou | -- | 1 = local, 0 = non-local | 0.85 | 0.36 |
Age | ||||
<40 | -- | 11.8% | -- | -- |
40~65 | -- | 22.8% | -- | -- |
>65 | -- | 65.4% | -- | -- |
Employment | ||||
Retired | -- | 65.4% | -- | -- |
Employed | -- | 30.1% | -- | -- |
Unemployed and other | -- | 4.4% | -- | -- |
Income level (RMB/month) | ||||
<2620 | -- | 38.2% | -- | -- |
2620~4200 | -- | 39.3% | -- | -- |
>4200 | -- | 22.4% | -- | -- |
Family size (person) | 1/25 | 3.55 | 2.52 | |
Family structure | ||||
Live alone or with partner | -- | 35.3% | -- | -- |
Core family | -- | 21.3% | -- | -- |
Stem family | -- | 35.3% | -- | -- |
Joint family and other | -- | 8.1% | -- | -- |
Emotional factors | ||||
Length of residence (year) | ||||
<3 | -- | 10.3% | -- | -- |
3~18 | -- | 14.3% | -- | -- |
>18 | -- | 75.4% | -- | -- |
Sense of community | 1/5 | 1 = weak, 5 = strong | 3.46 | 1.30 |
Neighborhood communication | 1/5 | 1 = none, 5 = high frequency | 3.91 | 1.17 |
Variables | Model1 Whole Sample | Model2 Public Housing Tenants | Model3 Private Housing Owners | Model4 Migrants and Other |
---|---|---|---|---|
Relocation desire (1 = strong) | Mean = 3.02 | Mean = 2.75 | Mean = 4.19 | Mean = 2.42 |
Living condition factors | ||||
Housing area | 0.004 | 0.010 | −0.001 | 0.000 |
Per capita living area | 0.001 | −0.004 | 0.020 | −0.029 |
Housing condition | 0.431 *** | 0.406 *** | 0.300 ** | 0.638 ** |
Infrastructure | 0.106 * | 0.142 * | −0.036 | 0.033 |
Road and traffic | 0.031 | −0.006 | 0.058 | 0.013 |
Public facility | 0.090 | 0.139 | −0.009 | −0.183 |
Tourism development factors | ||||
Tourism disturbance | 0.040 | −0.009 | −0.027 | 0.147 |
Expected rent | 0.168 ** | 0.113 | 0.152 | 0.160 |
Having tourism income or not | 0.546 * | 0.060 | 0.222 | 1.785 * |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Gender | 0.135 | 0.120 | 0.106 | 0.442 |
Hukou | −0.463 | −0.479 | 0.007 | 0.674 |
Age | 0.003 | 0.335 | −0.644 * | −0.121 |
Employment | 0.007 | 0.225 | 0.005 | −0.553 |
Income level (RMB/month) | −0.067 | 0.091 | 0.236 | −0.777 ** |
Family size (person) | −0.072 | −0.307 * | 0.097 | −0.098 |
Family structure | −0.090 | 0.044 | −0.013 | 0.188 |
Emotional factors | ||||
Length of residence | 0.319 | 0.056 | 1.061 ** | 0.221 |
Sense of community | 0.114 | 0.082 | 0.612 ** | 0.083 |
Neighborhood communication | −0.040 | 0.002 | 0.278 | −0.150 |
Explanatory Variables | N = All | ||
---|---|---|---|
Frequency | B | Exp(B) | |
Gender | |||
0 = female | 58.50% | -- | -- |
1 = male | 41.50% | −0.017 | 0.983 |
Hukou | |||
0 = non-local | 14.70% | -- | -- |
1 = local | 85.30% | 0.199 | 1.22 |
Age | |||
1 ≤ 40 | 11.80% | 0.253 | 1.288 |
2 = 40~65 | 22.80% | 0.758 | 2.134 |
3 ≥ 65 (reference) | 65.40% | -- | -- |
Employment | |||
0 = retired | 65.40% | -- | -- |
1 = employed | 30.10% | 1.285 | 3.616 |
2 = unemployed and other | 4.40% | 0.871 | 2.388 |
Income level (RMB/month) ** | |||
0 ≤ 2620 | 38.20% | -- | -- |
1 = 2620~4200 | 39.30% | 1.240 ** | 3.457 |
2 ≥ 4200 | 22.40% | 0.474 | 1.606 |
Family size (person) | -- | 0.102 | 1.107 |
Family structure *** | |||
0 = Live alone or with partner | 35.30% | -- | -- |
1 = core family | 21.30% | 0.507 | 1.66 |
2 = stem family | 35.30% | 2.003 ** | 7.408 |
3 = Joint family and others | 8.10% | 1.390 * | 4.013 |
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Chen, Y.; Yang, J. The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114195
Chen Y, Yang J. The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility. Sustainability. 2018; 10(11):4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114195
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yue, and Jianqiang Yang. 2018. "The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility" Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114195
APA StyleChen, Y., & Yang, J. (2018). The Chinese Socio-Cultural Sustainability Approach: The Impact of Conservation Planning on Local Population and Residential Mobility. Sustainability, 10(11), 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114195