Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Review
2.2. Case Study
2.3. Method and Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
- ▪
- Theme 1: Canal’s importance in promoting active life;
- ▪
- Theme 2: Sense of rehabilitation, calmness, and concentration alongside the canal;
- ▪
- Theme 3: Canal as the core of social life in neighborhoods;
- ▪
- Theme 4: Place identity and cultural heritage.
3. Results
3.1. Canal’s Importance in Promoting Activities in Everyday Life
“The canal in every street is a park for my daily walk; firstly, it is near my house, also it has a direct and green route that encourages me to walk.”(a 57-year-old woman)
“Canal corridors can provide opportunities for recreation as part of daily life allowing stress relief and enjoyment as well as activities such as walking, cycling and exercise. However, when the canal runs dry we feel sad.”(a 25-year-old woman)
“Where do I find better than the canal for walking? fresh air, usually cooler than the alleys, it is the best place to walk and makes you feel healthier.”(a 67-year-old man)
“The canal is the best path to walk, because it is safe and uninterrupted, and it does not feel unsafe walking along its path in the afternoons.”(a 35-year-old woman)
“Water can be a breeding zone for pesky insects and other animals. Mosquitoes can be a major nuisance, depending on location and time of the day.”(a 31-year-old man)
3.2. A Sense of Restoration, Relaxation, and Concentration in the Canal
“When I come into this atmosphere, I feel that I can easily focus on subjects, looking at trees and it makes me relieved.”(a 42-year-old woman)
“The sound of water at times when the canal has high water levels makes me feel relaxed and happy.”(a 70-year-old woman)
“When I spend time at the canal, it makes me feel relieved from my daily life and helps me to escape from economic and social stresses I go through.”(a 45-year-old man)
3.3. Canal as the Core of Social Life in Neighborhoods
“We have spent our family vocation alongside the canal, and we still continue to come together in the canal annually, even when the canal does not have water in the summer.”(a 62-year-old woman)
“When the weather is good, the canal is full of people from the neighborhood. Women, children, and old people all prefer to socialize together alongside the canal.”(a 45-years-old man)
3.4. Place Identity and Cultural Heritage
“This canal revives good childhood memories for me, whenever I sit next to the water, I become young again and I feel euphoric.”(an 82-year-old man)
“Everyone has a really strong empathy with water and the canal and its history and its current environment, but we are worried about the poor management of this water canal.”(an 80-year-old man)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
No. | Survey Questions |
---|---|
1 | Age |
2 | Gender |
3 | Education level |
4 | Income level |
5 | Address (as in neighborhood only) |
6 | How frequent do you visit the canal? |
7 | How much time approximately do you spend on each visit? |
8 | Do you feel healthier and/or happier when spending time alongside the canal? If yes why? |
9 | Does the canal contribute to improving your physical health? If yes how? |
10 | Does the canal contribute to improving your mental health? If yes how? |
11 | Does the canal contribute to improving your social activities? If yes how? |
12 | What are the contributions of the canal to your life? |
13 | What are the contributions of the canal to the local community? |
14 | Do you recommend or encourage others to visit the canal? If yes/no why? |
15 | Other comments |
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Gender | Count | Age Group | Count | Education | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 102 | 15–35 | 18 | Primary | 36 |
36–45 | 60 | Secondary | 55 | ||
46–65 | 19 | Tertiary | 11 | ||
65–85 | 5 | ||||
Male | 98 | 15–35 | 17 | Primary | 24 |
36–45 | 40 | Secondary | 60 | ||
46–65 | 32 | Tertiary | 14 | ||
65–85 | 9 | ||||
Total | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Characteristic | Frequency | Unit | % |
---|---|---|---|
Total participant population | 200 | People | 100 |
Female participants | 102 | People | 51 |
Male participants | 98 | People | 49 |
Age of participants (median) | 37 | People | - |
Education level of participants (median) | Secondary | School | - |
Income level of participants (median) | Medium-low | Income group | - |
Park visit frequency of participants (median) | Every 3 | Days | - |
Time spent in each park visits by participants (median) | 45–60 | Minutes | - |
Contributions to feel healthier and/or happier (yes) | 158 | Response: Yes | 79 |
Contributions to physical health (yes) | 124 | Response: Yes | 62 |
Contributions to mental health (yes) | 128 | Response: Yes | 64 |
Contributions to social activities (yes) | 130 | Response: Yes | 65 |
Contributions to life (yes) | 182 | Response: Yes | 91 |
Contributions to local community (yes) | 124 | Response: Yes | 62 |
Encourage others to visit the canal (yes) | 178 | Response: Yes | 89 |
Concepts | N | % | Codes | Themes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh and clean weather | 165 | 82.5 | Comfort and relaxation | Canal’s importance in promoting active lifestyles |
Sound of nature | 127 | 63.5 | ||
Absence of waste, construction waste, sewage pollution | 161 | 80.5 | ||
Privacy and comfortable | 104 | 52 | ||
Appropriate enclosure | 142 | 71 | ||
Easy access for all to the canal from nearby areas | 112 | 56 | ||
Easy access to public transport stations | 142 | 71 | ||
Sense of the distinction between spatial realms | 125 | 61.5 | ||
Navigation sense | 142 | 71 | ||
Ability to perceive and nobility to space | 120 | 60 | ||
Local hangouts | 117 | 58.5 | ||
Appropriate lighting at night | 104 | 52 | Mobility and motion | |
Wide width for walking and running and cycling | 112 | 56 | ||
Ease of moving people in space and lack of obstacles | 104 | 52 | ||
Flow of water in the canal | 132 | 66 | Sensory richness | |
Stimulate visual senses | 112 | 56 | ||
Stimulates the senses of water and soil and plants | 112 | 56 | ||
The sound of the birds | 109 | 54.5 | ||
Feeling wind and water | 123 | 61.5 | ||
Water and plant presence | 141 | 70.5 | ||
Existence of police stations | 132 | 66 | Sense of safety and security | |
Mixed applications | 145 | 72.5 | ||
Lack of intrusive and informal activities | 142 | 71 | ||
Lack of urban indifference | 111 | 55.5 | ||
Local monitoring | 104 | 52 | ||
Spacing and pairing | 104 | 52 | Beauty and esthetics | |
Beautiful buildings | 117 | 85.5 | ||
Landscapes of trees | 132 | 66 | ||
Privacy and comfortable | 120 | 60 | Mental relaxation | Sense of rehabilitation, calmness, concentration alongside the canal |
Adequate population density on sidewalks, stations | 131 | 65.5 | ||
Extreme stress relief | 123 | 61.5 | ||
Feeling focused | 132 | 66 | ||
Sense of keeping the environment | 120 | 60 | ||
Sense of rest and rehab | 111 | 55.5 | ||
Feeling of independence and liberation | 111 | 55.5 | ||
Feel the power and health in space | 131 | 65.5 | ||
Simple and lovely space | 109 | 54.5 | Familiarity with the environment | |
No hidden corners | 116 | 58 | ||
Easy to understand the canal route | 123 | 61.5 | ||
Possibility to touch the plants | 145 | 72.5 | Feeling of being in nature | |
Variety of plant species, animals and birds | 178 | 89 | ||
Sound of birds and water | 132 | 66 | ||
Quality of life in the neighborhoods | 111 | 55.5 | Sense of satisfaction | Canal as the core of social life in neighborhoods |
Satisfaction with life in the neighborhoods | 120 | 60 | ||
Places to meet friends and acquaintances | 156 | 78 | Social interactions | |
Local community activities | 128 | 64 | ||
Social relationships | 104 | 52 | ||
Permanent use of the canal | 109 | 54.5 | ||
Presence of all residents of nearby neighborhoods | 178 | 89 | ||
Identity of the canal, neighborhood, and city | 140 | 70 | Sense of place | Place identity and cultural heritage |
Memories of the canal area | 87 | 43.5 | ||
History of the city and the neighborhood | 120 | 60 | ||
Quality of life in the city | 161 | 80.5 | ||
Sense of belonging to the canal | 165 | 82.5 | ||
Concerns about dryness | 178 | 89 |
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Vaeztavakoli, A.; Lak, A.; Yigitcanlar, T. Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114010
Vaeztavakoli A, Lak A, Yigitcanlar T. Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan. Sustainability. 2018; 10(11):4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114010
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaeztavakoli, Amirafshar, Azadeh Lak, and Tan Yigitcanlar. 2018. "Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan" Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114010
APA StyleVaeztavakoli, A., Lak, A., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2018). Blue and Green Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes: Health Effects of Urban Water Canal Areas of Isfahan. Sustainability, 10(11), 4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114010