A Sum of Incidentals or a Structural Problem? The True Nature of Food Waste in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Case Study: The Metropolitan Region of Barcelona
3. Conceptual Framework to Distinguish Structural and Circumstantial Causes
- Micro causes: specific causes of food waste occurring at each stage of the food supply chain due to the actions or inactions of agents at the same stage. They are not necessarily linked to other causes. Micro causes are not influenced by the behavior of agents at other stages.
- Meso causes: secondary or structural causes that can be found in another stage. They occur because of the interaction between agents or because of the existing infrastructures where food is produced, distributed, sold, and so forth.
- Macro causes: those rooted in the food system dynamics as a whole. These are systemic issues affecting the two previous levels (micro and meso), such as the policy conditions in terms of regulation or the functioning of the food system; that is, “macro causes favor the emergence of all the other causes of food loss and waste” [22].
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. In-Depth Interview Procedure
4.2. Sampling
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Stakeholders’ Perceptions
5.2. Causes of Food Waste
5.2.1. Micro Causes
Technological
Economic and Business Management
Appreciation and Enhancement
5.2.2. Meso Causes
Technological
Economic and Business Management
Regulation and Policy
Appreciation and Enhancement
5.2.3. Macro Causes
Economic and Business Management
Regulatory and Policy
Appreciation and Enhancement
5.2.4. Redistribution
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | Type of Document | Type of Data * | Geographical Scope | Farm | Industry | Wholesale | Retail | Consumption | |
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WRAP et al., 2007 | [29] | Report | 1 | United Kingdom (UK) | ● | ||||
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Organization (role) | Food supply chain | Farm | Processing | Wholesale | Retail | Redistribution | Consumers | Education |
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Social Enterprise “rescue” food (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Food safety regional body (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Waste management regional body (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Environmental municipality (technician position) | ● | |||||||
Regional consumption body (technician position) | ● | |||||||
Primary production metropolitan body (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Agri-food regional body (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Farmers’ organization (representative and farmer) | ● | |||||||
Farmers’ ecologic cooperative (managerial position and producer) | ● | |||||||
Industry association (food waste project manager) | ● | |||||||
Industry (environmental department technician position) | ● | |||||||
Wholesaler central market body (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Small wholesaler (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Retailer (Social Responsibility and Environment department position) | ● | |||||||
Retailer (institutional relationship department position) | ● | |||||||
Retailer (environmental department managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Local Markets body (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Charity Food pantry (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Charity Food Bank (project manager) | ● | |||||||
Local Popular dinning “freegans” (activist and member of the group) | ● | |||||||
Consumer association (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Consumer association (managerial position) | ● | |||||||
Expert academia (waste and food waste researcher) | ● | |||||||
Environmental NGO (project managers and managerial position) | ● |
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© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Diaz-Ruiz, R.; Costa-Font, M.; López-i-Gelats, F.; Gil, J.M. A Sum of Incidentals or a Structural Problem? The True Nature of Food Waste in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103730
Diaz-Ruiz R, Costa-Font M, López-i-Gelats F, Gil JM. A Sum of Incidentals or a Structural Problem? The True Nature of Food Waste in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103730
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiaz-Ruiz, Raquel, Montserrat Costa-Font, Feliu López-i-Gelats, and José M. Gil. 2018. "A Sum of Incidentals or a Structural Problem? The True Nature of Food Waste in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103730
APA StyleDiaz-Ruiz, R., Costa-Font, M., López-i-Gelats, F., & Gil, J. M. (2018). A Sum of Incidentals or a Structural Problem? The True Nature of Food Waste in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona. Sustainability, 10(10), 3730. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103730