Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Context and Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Analysing the Potential Replacement of SCT by Active Modes
2.2.2. Analysing the Barriers to Cycling
3. Results
3.1. Distance and Time Thresholds for the Potential Replacement of SCT by Active Modes
3.2. Perceived Barriers to Cycling
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | Question | Answer Type |
---|---|---|
How far do/would the following facts limit your regular trips by bicycle? | ||
B1 | Lack of cycle lane | 7-point Likert scale a |
B2 | Long distances | 7-point Likert scale a |
B3 | Lack of safe parking | 7-point Likert scale a |
B4 | Slope | 7-point Likert scale a |
B5 | Riding a bicycle in traffic | 7-point Likert scale a |
B6 | Lack of showers or lockers | 7-point Likert scale a |
B7 | Safety when manoeuvring | 7-point Likert scale a |
B8 | Your physical condition | 7-point Likert scale a |
B9 | Repairing a puncture | 7-point Likert scale a |
B10 | Helmet use | 7-point Likert scale a |
Rate the following statements: | ||
A1 | In the next six months I will increase the use of the bicycle on my habitual trips | 7-point Likert scale b |
A2 | Travelling by bicycle in Vitoria-Gasteiz is efficient, convenient and safe | 7-point Likert scale b |
Age | Sex | Freq. Walking Trips [n] | Average API Time [min] | Average Perceived Time [min] | Threshold (80th Percentile) [km] | Chain Trip Threshold [km] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (18–84) | M | 2435 | 13.30 | 17.38 | 1.81 | 6.38 |
F | 4835 | 12.36 | 16.57 | 1.62 | 5.93 | |
18–34 | M | 425 | 13.76 | 14.21 | 1.65 | 5.26 |
F | 686 | 13.76 | 15.85 | 1.73 | 5.07 | |
35–49 | M | 657 | 12.81 | 14.97 | 1.66 | 5.38 |
F | 1708 | 12.45 | 15.83 | 1.60 | 6.09 | |
50–64 | M | 586 | 13.61 | 18.27 | 1.83 | 6.60 |
F | 1400 | 12.61 | 16.61 | 1.68 | 6.43 | |
65–84 | M | 767 | 13.16 | 20.47 | 2.04 | 7.86 |
F | 1041 | 10.95 | 18.23 | 1.60 | 6.00 |
Age | Sex | Freq. Cycling Trips [n] | Average Times (API) [min] | Perceived Time [min] | Threshold (80th Percentile) [km] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (18–84) | M | 725 | 9.65 | 16.44 | 3.70 |
F | 618 | 8.61 | 16.47 | 3.23 | |
18–34 | M | 338 | 9.63 | 16.50 | 3.56 |
F | 275 | 8.81 | 16.65 | 3.45 | |
35–49 | M | 258 | 10.7 | 16.51 | 4.41 |
F | 263 | 8.91 | 16.07 | 3.28 | |
50–64 | M | 97 | 7.51 | 15.30 | 3.53 |
F | 58 | 6.75 | 15.29 | 2.71 | |
65–84 | M | 32 | 7.43 | 18.50 | 3.58 |
F | 22 | 6.51 | 22 | 3.56 |
Age | Sex | Car Trips (Total) [N] | SCTs Transferable to Walking [N (%)] | Short Car Trips below the Cycling Threshold [N (%)] | Short Car Trips Transferable to Cycling [N (%)] | Short Car Trips Transferable to Active Modes (Total) [N (%)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (18–84) | M | 1436 | 293 (20.40) | 894 (62.25) | 452 (31.47) | 602 (41.92) |
F | 1837 | 380 (20.68) | 1101 (59.93) | 353 (19.21) | 621 (33.80) | |
18–34 | M | 363 | 50 (13.77) | 224 (61.70) | 150 (41.32) | 161 (44.35) |
F | 356 | 63 (17.69) | 212 (59.55) | 101 (28.37) | 134 (37.64) | |
35–49 | M | 643 | 100 (15.55) | 445 (69.20) | 252 (39.19) | 294 (45.72) |
F | 1036 | 216 (20.84) | 637 (61.48) | 216 (20.84) | 372 (35.90) | |
50–64 | M | 226 | 45 (19.91) | 145 (64.15) | 37 (16.37) | 86 (38.05) |
F | 308 | 76 (24.67) | 162 (52.59) | 28 (9.09) | 89 (28.89) | |
65–84 | M | 161 | 46 (28.57) | 92 (57.14) | 17 (10.55) | 51 (31.67) |
F | 96 | 25 (26.04) | 70 (72.91) | 0 (0) | 25 (26.04) |
Reclassification of Barriers | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barrier | User Groups | Mean (±SD) | Median | Not very Limiting [n (%)] | Neutral [n (%)] | Very Limiting [n (%)] | Cramér’s V |
B1 | SCT user c | 5.14 (±1.87) | 6 | 58 (18.01) | 45 (13.97) | 219 (68.01) | 0.11 * |
SCT/Bicycle user d | 4.7 (±1.89) | 5 | 40 (24.39) | 26 (15.85) | 98 (59.75) | ||
Bicycle user e | 4.39 (±1.83) | 5 | 219 (29.12) | 151 (20.07) | 382 (50.79) | ||
B2 | SCT user c | 5.16 (±1.67) | 6 | 50 (15.52) | 43 (13.35) | 229 (71.11) | 0.22 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 4.87 (±1.74) | 5 | 32 (19.51) | 31 (18.9) | 101 (61.58) | ||
Bicycle user e | 3.83 (±1.81) | 4 | 308 (40.95) | 164 (21.8) | 280 (37.23) | ||
B3 | SCT user c | 5.32 (±1.68) | 6 | 49 (15.21) | 40 (12.42) | 233 (72.36) | 0.14 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 4.99 (±1.77) | 5 | 30 (18.29) | 28 (17.07) | 106 (64.63) | ||
Bicycle user e | 4.45 (±1.88) | 5 | 232 (30.85) | 132 (17.55) | 388 (51.59) | ||
B4 | SCT user c | 5.08 (±1.68) | 5 | 52 (16.14) | 62 (19.25) | 208 (64.59) | 0.25 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 4.37 (±1.79) | 4 | 49 (29.87) | 34 (20.73) | 81 (49.39) | ||
Bicycle user e | 3.45 (±1.72) | 4 | 375 (49.86) | 173 (23) | 204 (27.12) | ||
B5 | SCT user c | 6.17 (±1.38) | 7 | 22 (6.83) | 20 (6.21) | 280 (86.95) | 0.19 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 5.89 (±1.51) | 6 | 13 (7.92) | 16 (9.75) | 135 (82.31) | ||
Bicycle user e | 4.88 (±1.8) | 5 | 170 (22.6) | 121 (16.09) | 461 (61.3) | ||
B6 | SCT user c | 4.49 (±1.9) | 5 | 93 (28.88) | 65 (20.18) | 164 (50.93) | 0.18 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 3.73 (±1.88) | 4 | 71 (43.29) | 32 (19.51) | 61 (37.19) | ||
Bicycle user e | 3.19 (±1.85) | 3 | 433 (57.57) | 126 (16.75) | 193 (25.66) | ||
B7 | SCT user c | 4.92 (±1.78) | 5 | 55 (17.08) | 63 (19.56) | 204 (63.35) | 0.19 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 4.65 (±1.68) | 5 | 31 (18.9) | 38 (23.17) | 95 (57.92) | ||
Bicycle user e | 3.88 (±1.78) | 4 | 292 (38.82) | 184 (24.46) | 276 (36.7) | ||
B8 | SCT user c | 4.47 (±1.9) | 5 | 93 (28.88) | 62 (19.25) | 167 (51.86) | 0.24 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 3.74 (±1.99) | 4 | 74 (45.12) | 26 (15.85) | 64 (39.02) | ||
Bicycle user e | 2.86 (±1.84) | 2 | 504 (67.02) | 84 (11.17) | 164 (21.8) | ||
B9 | SCT user c | 5.71 (±1.77) | 7 | 41 (12.73) | 36 (11.18) | 245 (76.08) | 0.24 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 5.17 (±1.88) | 6 | 31 (18.9) | 22 (13.41) | 111 (67.68) | ||
Bicycle user e | 3.91 (±2.04) | 4 | 322 (42.81) | 126 (16.75) | 304 (40.42) | ||
B10 | SCT user c | 3.34 (±2.14) | 3 | 177 (54.96) | 48 (14.9) | 97 (30.12) | 0.05 |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 3.45 (±2.18) | 3.5 | 82 (50) | 27 (16.46) | 55 (33.53) | ||
Bicycle user e | 3.57 (±2.13) | 4 | 357 (47.47) | 139 (18.48) | 256 (34.04) |
Reclassification of Barriers | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barrier | User Groups | Mean (±SD) | Median | Totally Disagree [n (%)] | Neutral [n (%)] | Totally Agree [n (%)] | Cramér’s V |
A1 | SCT user c | 2.31 (±1.95) | 1 | 243 (75.46) | 24 (7.45) | 55 (17.08) | 0.30 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 4.37 (±2.21) | 5 | 50 (30.48) | 25 (15.24) | 89 (54.26) | ||
Bicycle user e | 4.67 (±2.26) | 5 | 205 (27.26) | 97 (12.89) | 450 (59.84) | ||
A2 | SCT user c | 4.57 (±1.76) | 5 | 68 (21.11) | 73 (22.67) | 181 (56.21) | 0.14 * |
SCT & Bicycle user d | 4.95 (±1.45) | 5 | 20 (12.19) | 35 (21.34) | 109 (66.46) | ||
Bicycle user e | 5.36 (±1.35) | 5.5 | 60 (7.97) | 129 (17.15) | 56 (34.86) |
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Delso, J.; Martín, B.; Ortega, E. Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103510
Delso J, Martín B, Ortega E. Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103510
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelso, Javier, Belén Martín, and Emilio Ortega. 2018. "Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103510
APA StyleDelso, J., Martín, B., & Ortega, E. (2018). Potentially Replaceable Car Trips: Assessment of Potential Modal Change towards Active Transport Modes in Vitoria-Gasteiz. Sustainability, 10(10), 3510. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103510