Structured Light Scanning to Evaluate Three-Dimensional Anthropometry in HIV Facial Lipoatrophy

The psychological and social impact of the lipodystrophy syndrome on HIV-infected individuals may be quite considerable and adversely affect their quality of life. Currently no validated assessment tool for facial lipoatrophy is available. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the reliability of interactive anthropometric landmark localization based on digitized 3D facial images. By comparing both computed tomography (CT) and structured light scanning we try to demonstrate that surface scanning shows a higher sensitivity in measuring facial reference points. Besides, we evaluate the reproducibility of facial 3D white-light scans. Three HIVpositive men attending our plastic surgery outpatient clinic for treatment of facial lipodystrophy were enrolled in the study. Localization of anthropometric landmarks measurements was performed on the patients. All patients underwent a facial CT and a facial white-light scanning on the same day. The inter-landmark distances measured on facial models developed from CT aided with VirSSPA 3D software and structured light scanning were compared to the real human models. We found that facial distances measured in the CT 3D reconstruction showed a mean error margin of 0.357 cm from the real distances measured on patients. On the contrary, mean error margin with the white-light scanning was of 0.096 cm. In both cases, measurements were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). When compared to CT reconstructions, white-light surface scanning offers a more accurate landmark localization as well as reliable reconstructions of up to less than the tenth of a millimetre as average when compared to real measurements on facial human models.