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Volume 17
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Article

Prolonged Hematogone Expansion Is Associated with Better Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

by
Bianca Serio
1,
Danilo De Novellis
1,2,
Marisa Gorrese
1,
Angela Bertolini
1,
Paola Manzo
2,
Francesca Picone
1,
Anna Maria Della Corte
1,
Rossella Marcucci
1,
Denise Morini
1,
Michela Rizzo
1,
Roberto Guariglia
1,
Serena Luponio
1,
Pasqualina Scala
1,2,
Francesco Verdesca
1,
Anna Maria Sessa
1,
Francesca Velino
1,
Martina De Leucio
1,
Maddalena Langella
1,
Valentina Giudice
1,2,* and
Carmine Selleri
1,2,*
1
Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
2
Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hematol. Rep. 2025, 17(5), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17050046
Submission received: 8 July 2025 / Revised: 30 August 2025 / Accepted: 8 September 2025 / Published: 10 September 2025
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Hematogones, B cell precursors, are considered a clock of bone marrow reconstitution after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: In this retrospective observational monocentric study, we investigated the prognostic role of hematogone expansion after allogeneic HSCT and its association with clinical and molecular features. Results: Using a cut-off value of 0.1%, hematogones were detected in 60% of patients at the first re-evaluation after HSCT (median, 2.4%; range, 0.2–9.0%) and in 63% of subjects at the most recent evaluation (MRR) (median, 1.4%; range, 0.1–5.1%). In particular, prolonged hematogone expansion was associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.0043) and relapse-free survival (p = 0.0002). No associations were described between hematogone frequency and stem cell sources or acute or chronic graft versus host disease incidence. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results confirmed that hematogones mirrored bone marrow fitness and reconstitution ability; thus, they could be used as a prognostic marker of HSCT outcomes.
Keywords: hematogones; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; flow cytometry; biomarker hematogones; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; flow cytometry; biomarker
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MDPI and ACS Style

Serio, B.; De Novellis, D.; Gorrese, M.; Bertolini, A.; Manzo, P.; Picone, F.; Della Corte, A.M.; Marcucci, R.; Morini, D.; Rizzo, M.; et al. Prolonged Hematogone Expansion Is Associated with Better Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Hematol. Rep. 2025, 17, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17050046

AMA Style

Serio B, De Novellis D, Gorrese M, Bertolini A, Manzo P, Picone F, Della Corte AM, Marcucci R, Morini D, Rizzo M, et al. Prolonged Hematogone Expansion Is Associated with Better Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Hematology Reports. 2025; 17(5):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17050046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serio, Bianca, Danilo De Novellis, Marisa Gorrese, Angela Bertolini, Paola Manzo, Francesca Picone, Anna Maria Della Corte, Rossella Marcucci, Denise Morini, Michela Rizzo, and et al. 2025. "Prolonged Hematogone Expansion Is Associated with Better Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients" Hematology Reports 17, no. 5: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17050046

APA Style

Serio, B., De Novellis, D., Gorrese, M., Bertolini, A., Manzo, P., Picone, F., Della Corte, A. M., Marcucci, R., Morini, D., Rizzo, M., Guariglia, R., Luponio, S., Scala, P., Verdesca, F., Sessa, A. M., Velino, F., De Leucio, M., Langella, M., Giudice, V., & Selleri, C. (2025). Prolonged Hematogone Expansion Is Associated with Better Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Hematology Reports, 17(5), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17050046

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