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Hematology Reports
Volume 17
Issue 3
10.3390/hematolrep17030023
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Review

Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma and [18F]FDG PET/CT: What We Learned and What Is New

by
Anna Giulia Nappi
1,
Francesco Dondi
2,*,
Achille Lazzarato
3,
Lorenzo Jonghi-Lavarini
4,
Joana Gorica
5,
Flavia La Torre
6,
Giulia Santo
7 and
Alberto Miceli
8
1
Section of Nuclear Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
2
Nuclear Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia and Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
3
Nuclear Medicine Unit, ARNAS G. Brotzu, 09047 Cagliari, Italy
4
Nuclear Medicine Department, IRRCS San Gerardo dei Tintori di Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
5
Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
6
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and of Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
7
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzato, Italy
8
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hematol. Rep. 2025, 17(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17030023
Submission received: 3 March 2025 / Revised: 14 April 2025 / Accepted: 22 April 2025 / Published: 28 April 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), considered a specific entity with proper characteristics, therapies, and prognosis. First-line treatment is not unique, and subsequent strategies in case of disease persistence or relapse are the subject of debate and studies. In this scenario, [18F]FDG PET/CT plays a pivotal role both in characterizing the mediastinal mass, the main feature of PMLBCL, in staging, in restaging during therapy (interim PET), and at the end of treatment (EoT PET), to guide clinical management and give prognostic insights. The main issue with PMLBCL is distinguishing viable disease from residual fibrotic/inflammatory mass after therapy and, consequently, settling the next clinical strategy. Novel therapeutic approaches are ongoing and associated with the deepening of [18F]FDG PET/CT potentials as a principal tool in this context. In this review, we will explore PMLBCL from a Nuclear Medicine point of view to help clinicians in the management of these patients.
Keywords: PMBCL; [18F]FDG; PET/CT; staging; restaging; diagnosis PMBCL; [18F]FDG; PET/CT; staging; restaging; diagnosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nappi, A.G.; Dondi, F.; Lazzarato, A.; Jonghi-Lavarini, L.; Gorica, J.; La Torre, F.; Santo, G.; Miceli, A. Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma and [18F]FDG PET/CT: What We Learned and What Is New. Hematol. Rep. 2025, 17, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17030023

AMA Style

Nappi AG, Dondi F, Lazzarato A, Jonghi-Lavarini L, Gorica J, La Torre F, Santo G, Miceli A. Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma and [18F]FDG PET/CT: What We Learned and What Is New. Hematology Reports. 2025; 17(3):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17030023

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nappi, Anna Giulia, Francesco Dondi, Achille Lazzarato, Lorenzo Jonghi-Lavarini, Joana Gorica, Flavia La Torre, Giulia Santo, and Alberto Miceli. 2025. "Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma and [18F]FDG PET/CT: What We Learned and What Is New" Hematology Reports 17, no. 3: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17030023

APA Style

Nappi, A. G., Dondi, F., Lazzarato, A., Jonghi-Lavarini, L., Gorica, J., La Torre, F., Santo, G., & Miceli, A. (2025). Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma and [18F]FDG PET/CT: What We Learned and What Is New. Hematology Reports, 17(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/hematolrep17030023

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