Response of Phenolic Compounds in Lippia graveolens Kunth Irrigated with Aquaculture Wastewater and Steiner Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Culture Conditions
2.2. Irrigation
2.3. Elicitation
2.4. N and P Determination
2.5. Vegetative Sample
2.6. Phenolic Compounds Extraction
2.7. Phenolic Content Determination
2.8. Flavonoid Content Determination
2.9. Antioxidant Capacity
2.9.1. DPPH Assay
2.9.2. FRAP Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Water Quality (N and P Determination)
3.2. Phenolic Content
3.3. Flavonoid Content
3.4. Antioxidant Activity
3.4.1. DPPH Assay
3.4.2. FRAP Assay
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS 1 | AQW 2 | SS | AQW | SS | AQW | SS | AQW | |
NO3− | 127.3 ± 4.24 | 108.2 ± 2.22 | 207.7 ± 1.23 | 139.2 ± 6.07 | 290.3 ± 4.32 | 122.3 ± 3.37 | 235.4 ± 2.15 | 103.8 ± 4.57 |
NO2− | 1.361 ± 0.04 | 0.159 ± 0.07 | 0.313 ± 0.04 | 0.403 ± 0.06 | 3.176 ± 0.28 | 0.562 ± 0.08 | 0.515 ± 0.02 | 0.163 ± 0.02 |
PO43− | 17.79 ± 0.14 | 24.16 ± 0.27 | 43.09 ± 0.35 | 9.75 ± 1.03 | 114.9 ± 3.18 | 12.52 ± 1.64 | 102.2 ± 6.41 | 10.97 ± 2.06 |
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Nieto-Ramírez, M.I.; Feregrino-Pérez, A.A.; Aguirre Becerra, H.; Parra-Pacheco, B.; Oviedo-Olvera, M.V.; García-Trejo, J.F. Response of Phenolic Compounds in Lippia graveolens Kunth Irrigated with Aquaculture Wastewater and Steiner Solution. Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020037
Nieto-Ramírez MI, Feregrino-Pérez AA, Aguirre Becerra H, Parra-Pacheco B, Oviedo-Olvera MV, García-Trejo JF. Response of Phenolic Compounds in Lippia graveolens Kunth Irrigated with Aquaculture Wastewater and Steiner Solution. International Journal of Plant Biology. 2023; 14(2):483-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020037
Chicago/Turabian StyleNieto-Ramírez, María Isabel, Ana Angélica Feregrino-Pérez, Humberto Aguirre Becerra, Benito Parra-Pacheco, Mónica Vanessa Oviedo-Olvera, and Juan Fernando García-Trejo. 2023. "Response of Phenolic Compounds in Lippia graveolens Kunth Irrigated with Aquaculture Wastewater and Steiner Solution" International Journal of Plant Biology 14, no. 2: 483-492. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020037