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Pediatric Reports
Volume 12
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Pediatric Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

Pediatr. Rep., Volume 12, Issue s1 (June 2020) – 14 articles

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1135 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Parents’ Self-efficacy and Quality of Life of Children with Cancer Aged 8-12 Years
by Imelda Oktaviani and Allenidekania Allenidekania
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8703; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8703 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 787
Abstract
This study aims to determine the correlation between parents’ self-efficacy and the quality of life of children with cancer aged 8- 12 years. Quantitative research using a crosssectional design was carried out on 39 parents and 39 children with cancer. The participants were [...] Read more.
This study aims to determine the correlation between parents’ self-efficacy and the quality of life of children with cancer aged 8- 12 years. Quantitative research using a crosssectional design was carried out on 39 parents and 39 children with cancer. The participants were selected using a consecutive sampling method. The measurement instruments used were the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI), the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQLTM) 4.0 Generic Core Scale, and the PedsQLTM 3.0 Cancer Module in the Indonesian version. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results showed that parents’ self-efficacy and the quality of life of children were strongly correlated and that the direction of the correlation was positive (r= 0.680). Parents’ self-efficacy and quality of life children with cancer were also strongly correlated, and the direction of the correlation was positive (r = 0.715). It is recommended that parents and children with cancer ensure the adequate management of cancer treatment. Full article
564 KiB  
Article
The Use of Breastfeeding Pillow to Reduce Discomfort for Breastfeeding Mothers
by Ida Ayu Kade Sri Widiastuti, Yeni Rustina and Defi Efendi
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8702; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8702 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1249
Abstract
The process of breastfeeding for newborns in the special care room often experiences obstacles due to diverse factors, such as environmental factors, hospitalization impact, and maternal discomfort during breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to determine whether breastfeeding pillows decrease maternal discomfort [...] Read more.
The process of breastfeeding for newborns in the special care room often experiences obstacles due to diverse factors, such as environmental factors, hospitalization impact, and maternal discomfort during breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to determine whether breastfeeding pillows decrease maternal discomfort during breastfeeding. This research employed a randomized control trial (RCT) design involving 70 participants who were divided into an intervention (n=35) and a control group (n=35) based on the inclusion criteria. The intervention group used a breastfeeding pillow while breastfeeding the baby, and the control group provided ASI (breast milk) as recommended in the treatment room. The data measurement instruments were an observation sheet and the body part discomfort scale (BPDS). The BPDS comprised 4 assessments: the initial assessment, day I assessment, day II assessment, and the final assessment. The results of the GLM-RM analysis showed a significant reduction in maternal discomfort among participants using breastfeeding pillows (P<0.05). Supporting facilities such as breastfeeding pillows are needed to improve maternal comfort to increase the breastfeeding period and ensure optimal nutrition. Full article
807 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing Anxiety in Mothers of Low Birth Weight Infants
by Reisy Tane, Siti Masitoh and Yeni Rustina
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8701; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8701 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 756
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) infants pose a challenge for developing countries. Mothers of LBW are thus at risk of psychological stress and postpartum depression. This study was to identify the correlation between mothers’ characteristics and their anxiety about having hospitalized low birth weight [...] Read more.
Low birth weight (LBW) infants pose a challenge for developing countries. Mothers of LBW are thus at risk of psychological stress and postpartum depression. This study was to identify the correlation between mothers’ characteristics and their anxiety about having hospitalized low birth weight infants. This study used a descriptive correlation design and involved 90 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The result of this study indicated that most of the mothers were categorized in non-risk age, unemployed or housewife, and having secondary education. Overall, the respondents showed mild anxiety and no significant correlation between mothers’ characteristics and their anxiety (P>0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between her income and mother’s level of anxiety (P<0.05). The conclusion could be use as the basic data for developing the program related to health promotion in overcoming the anxiety in LBW infant’s mothers. Full article
1088 KiB  
Article
Appreciation Family Support and The Abilities of Children with Special Needs to Maintain Personal Hygiene: An Indonesian Case Study
by Ita Pursitasari, Allenidekania Allenidekania and Nur Agustini
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8700; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8700 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 942
Abstract
Family support is needed to empower children with special needs to maintain personal hygiene, includes information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support. The study design was cross-sectional, involving 84 parents of children with special needs. The study was conducted via the respondents filling out [...] Read more.
Family support is needed to empower children with special needs to maintain personal hygiene, includes information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support. The study design was cross-sectional, involving 84 parents of children with special needs. The study was conducted via the respondents filling out a questionnaire consisting of three sub-questionnaires. The results showed no relationship between the characteristics of children with special needs and personal hygiene; there was also no relationship between parental characteristics and personal hygiene (P>0.05). There was, however, a relationship between information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support and personal hygiene (P<0.005), the most influential support being appreciation support. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between information, instrumental, emotional, and appreciation support and the ability of children with special needs to maintain their personal hygiene. The recommendations for future studies are different research methods to explore more about the types of family support. Full article
1162 KiB  
Article
Posttraumatic Growth in Adolescent Survivors of Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction in Palu Indonesia: A Phenomenological Study
by Siti Hajar Salawali, Herni Susanti, Novy Helena Catharina Daulima and Arcellia Farosyah Putri
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8699; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8699 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1300
Abstract
Exploration of posttraumatic growth (PTG) experiences in adolescent survivors of earthquakes, tsunamis, or liquefaction are needed by nurses to maximize the potential for recovery and growth of adolescents from trauma after natural disasters. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenology [...] Read more.
Exploration of posttraumatic growth (PTG) experiences in adolescent survivors of earthquakes, tsunamis, or liquefaction are needed by nurses to maximize the potential for recovery and growth of adolescents from trauma after natural disasters. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenology approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 16 adolescent survivors and were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. The results of this study have two main themes: trauma becoming the basis for realizing the meaning of life and escaping from disaster as a second chance to live better. PTG is a positive change that needs to be pursued. Escaping from disaster and realizing the meaning of life are the key points to get success in pursuing PTG to live a better life. In addition, support from mental health nurses through cognitive therapy (CT) and acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) are needed to increase the PTG. Full article
1010 KiB  
Article
Maternal Feeding Practice and Its Relationship with Stunting in Children
by Prihatini Dini Novitasari and Dessie Wanda
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8698; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8698 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1179
Abstract
The incidence of stunting in children is a crucial problem that remains challenging to tackle and is caused by multiple factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal feeding practice and the incidence of stunting in children in Depok, Indonesia. The [...] Read more.
The incidence of stunting in children is a crucial problem that remains challenging to tackle and is caused by multiple factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal feeding practice and the incidence of stunting in children in Depok, Indonesia. The study design was a correlation analysis with a cross-sectional approach including applied height-for-age z-score tables from the World Health Organization (WHO) and a feeding practices and structure questionnaire (FPSQ- 28). The study involved 262 participants who were selected using a cluster random sampling technique in 11 district health centers in Depok. The results suggest that there was no significant relationship between maternal feeding practice and the incidence of stunting in children in Depok (P>0.05). In addition, feeding practice performed by mothers was rather non-responsive. The study results are expected to provide benefits for nurses and health professionals in order to improve health education and promotion programs related to stunting and responsive feeding practice. Full article
848 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of a Conservation Energy Model for Febrile Neutropenia in Children with Cancer
by Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa, Allenidekania Allenidekania and Happy Hayati
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8697; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8697 - 25 Jun 2020
Viewed by 740
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia is a complication of chemotherapy that occurs in children with cancer. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the application of the Levine Energy Conservation Model for treating fever neutropenia in children with cancer. The method involved a case study [...] Read more.
Febrile neutropenia is a complication of chemotherapy that occurs in children with cancer. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the application of the Levine Energy Conservation Model for treating fever neutropenia in children with cancer. The method involved a case study of five children with cancer treated for febrile neutropenia using the nursing process approach. The nursing process, according to the Levine Energy Conservation Model, focuses on increasing the body’s adaptability through four forms of conservation, namely, the conservation of energy, personal integrity, structural integrity, and social integrity. Trophicognosis in the five cases under management identified hyperthermia and the risk of infection transmission. Other nursing problems were nutritional imbalances that were less than the body’s needs and the risk of bleeding. These problems can hinder the process of adapting children with cancer to the challenges of disease and the treatment of side effects in achieving self-integrity. Full article
981 KiB  
Article
Assessing Effectiveness of Regular Repositioning in Preventing Pressure Ulcers in Children
by Rifka Putri Andayani, Nani Nurhaeni and Dessie Wanda
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8696; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8696 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2433
Abstract
Pressure ulcers have adverse effects on health. Thus, early detection of damage to skin integrity is important for preventing the occurrence of pressure sores. Meanwhile, two-hourly repositioning is a nursing intervention performed to prevent pressure ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation [...] Read more.
Pressure ulcers have adverse effects on health. Thus, early detection of damage to skin integrity is important for preventing the occurrence of pressure sores. Meanwhile, two-hourly repositioning is a nursing intervention performed to prevent pressure ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of regular repositioning for preventing pressure sores. The Braden Q Scale is an instrument that predicts skin breakdown caused by pressure ulcers. The designs used quasi-experiment pretest and posttest nonequivalent control group; 93 participants were selected through a nonprobability sampling technique by consecutive sampling (43 for the intervention group and 50 for the control group). Respondents in the intervention group were repositioned every 2 hours, and the control group received pressure mattress, which is done for 14 days or until the child can go home. The findings suggest that there is a significant difference in the Braden Q scores from before and after repositioning of the intervention group and the control group using pressure mattress (P<0.001). Nurses are expected to be able to detect early damage to skin integrity and to implement regular repositioning by using the Braden Q Scale. Full article
1091 KiB  
Article
Feeding Practices for Toddlers with Stunting in Jakarta: A Case Study
by Sri Melfa Damanik, Dessie Wanda and Happy Hayati
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8695; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8695 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1039
Abstract
Stunting represents a child’s failure to thrive. On the basis of the World Health Organization child growth standards, stunting is a height of <−2 SD of the z-score for the child’s age. There are several major causes of stunting. One is the inability [...] Read more.
Stunting represents a child’s failure to thrive. On the basis of the World Health Organization child growth standards, stunting is a height of <−2 SD of the z-score for the child’s age. There are several major causes of stunting. One is the inability to optimize child feeding practices. The aim of this study was to explore the feeding practices that lead to stunting in toddlers in Jakarta. The participants in this study were 15 mothers. Content analysis was the method that was chosen for this study. The data analysis revealed four themes that describe the feeding practices for toddlers with stunting in Jakarta: i) mothers providing instant porridge and ready-to-serve steamed chicken rice; ii) a feeding frequency of small portions only 2- 3 times per day; iii) a lack of diet diversity; and iv) the suboptimal intake of iron-rich foods. The provision of effective education about appropriate feeding practices to pregnant women and mothers with toddlers is expected to reduce the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. Full article
894 KiB  
Article
Testing of Braden Qd Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk in The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
by Jayanti Dwi Puspitasari, Nani Nurhaeni and Fajar Tri Waluyanti
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8694; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8694 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1677
Abstract
Children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) are at risk for pressure injury due to immobility and the challenge of positioning medical devices. However, a comprehensive instrument to assess pressure injury risk is still finite. This study aimed to test the [...] Read more.
Children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) are at risk for pressure injury due to immobility and the challenge of positioning medical devices. However, a comprehensive instrument to assess pressure injury risk is still finite. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Braden QD Scale. The design used was a Pearson correlation coefficients and Cronbach’s alpha (α). Fifty-one pediatric patients below age 18 who had been bedridden for at least 24 hours were engaged through a consecutive sampling method. The results showed assessments made by using the Braden QD Scale revealed that 88.2% of patients were at risk for a pressure injury. The validity test results of the Braden QD Scale ranged between 0.532 and 0.833. The reliability test results of the Braden QD Scale ranged between 0.756 and 0.834. The sensitivity value is 100%, specificity value is 40%. In general, the study finding suggests that the Braden QD Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for predicting pressure injury risk. Nurses may employ this tool to assess pressure injury risk in pediatric patients. Full article
965 KiB  
Article
Parental Presence in the Implementation of Atraumatic Care during Children’s Hospitalization
by Alvionita Handayani and Novy Helena Catharina Daulima
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8693; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8693 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2392
Abstract
Hospitalization requires children to adapt to various difficult conditions, such as treatments, health personnel, and separation from their families, especially their parents. Separation from parents often causes significant emotional changes in children like anxiety, which could trigger the trauma of hospitalization in both [...] Read more.
Hospitalization requires children to adapt to various difficult conditions, such as treatments, health personnel, and separation from their families, especially their parents. Separation from parents often causes significant emotional changes in children like anxiety, which could trigger the trauma of hospitalization in both the short and long terms. The study used a qualitative research method with a descriptive phenomenology study approach. It was conducted in the Child Care Room with 11 participants. Data analysis was performed using Creswell thematic analysis. The study produced three themes: i) nurses support the presence of parents during children’s hospitalization; ii) parental presence is the main source of coping for children during hospitalization; iii) Parents have a role in fulfilling the children’s psychological needs during hospitalization. Full article
834 KiB  
Article
Squeezing A Squishy Object Effectively Controls Pain in Children during Intravenous Catheter Insertion
by Grace Yuliona Sirtin Tumakaka, Nani Nurhaeni and Dessie Wanda
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8692; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8692 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1026
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effect of distraction technique involving squeezing a squishy object on pain in children during intravenous catheter insertion. In this work, the control group posttest-only quasiexperimental design was used. This study involved 50 participants aged 3-15 years and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to identify the effect of distraction technique involving squeezing a squishy object on pain in children during intravenous catheter insertion. In this work, the control group posttest-only quasiexperimental design was used. This study involved 50 participants aged 3-15 years and was assigned into either intervention or control group. The intervention group was provided with a squishy object to squeeze as a form of distraction during intravenous catheter insertion, whereas the control group received the standard intervention. The pain was measured by using the Wong- Baker Faces Scale for 3-8 years old and the Visual Analog Scale or Numeric Rating Scale for children older than 8 years. Mann–Whitney analysis reveals significant difference in pain level between the intervention and control groups (P<0,001; α=0.05). The distraction technique involving squeezing a squishy object effectively reduced pain in children during intravenous catheter insertion and is recommended for pain management in nursing care in the pediatric ward. Full article
1045 KiB  
Article
The Related Factors of Phlebitis Among Low Birth Weight Infants in Perinatology Ward
by Risna Yuningsih, Yeni Rustina and Defi Efendi
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8691; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8691 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 950
Abstract
Peripheral intravenous line placement might lead to some risks and complications in low birth weight (LBW) infants including phlebitis, which shows varying percentages. This study aimed to analyze the causative factors of phlebitis among LBW infants in a perinatology ward. A total of [...] Read more.
Peripheral intravenous line placement might lead to some risks and complications in low birth weight (LBW) infants including phlebitis, which shows varying percentages. This study aimed to analyze the causative factors of phlebitis among LBW infants in a perinatology ward. A total of 106 LBW infants who selected using a consecutive sampling technique were analyzed with cross-sectional method. Data were collected when LBW infants started receiving infusions until the infusion was stopped under certain conditions, using the Infusion Nurses Society (INS) phlebitis scale and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) as the instrument. The variables related to phlebitis under bivariate analysis included the clinical experience of intravenous insertion, infusion pumps, site of insertion, neonatal birth weight, and the administration of total parenteral nutrition. The most significant risk factor of phlebitis was the nurses’ clinical experience of intravenous insertion (< 2 years). Therefore, the results of this study can be considered to improve the quality of nursing care in perinatology ward. Full article
858 KiB  
Article
Comfort Behavior Scale Instrument: Validity And Reliability Test for Critically-ill Pediatric Patients in Indonesia
by Dina Nurpita Suprawoto, Nani Nurhaeni and Fajar Tri Waluyanti
Pediatr. Rep. 2020, 12(s1), 8690; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2020.8690 - 25 Jun 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 913
Abstract
The COMFORT Behavior Scale (CBS) is an instrument that has been validated in several languages to assess the levels of sedation in children. This project was implemented to identify the validity and reliability of CBS. The design used was an analytic descriptive cross-sectional [...] Read more.
The COMFORT Behavior Scale (CBS) is an instrument that has been validated in several languages to assess the levels of sedation in children. This project was implemented to identify the validity and reliability of CBS. The design used was an analytic descriptive cross-sectional approach. Fifty-one children aged 1 month to 18 years who received analgesic and/or sedation therapy were purposively selected and assessed for their sedation levels using CBS and the Nurse Interpretation of Sedation Score (NISS). The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to measure the concurrent validity; each item was analyzed using Pearson correlation; inter-rater reliability was measured by the Kappa coefficient; and the internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s α. The results showed there was no significant correlation between the levels of sedation assessed using CBS and NISS (P= 0.118; α= 0.05). Six items in the CBS instrument were found to be valid (r= 0.348–0.813). The Cronbach’s α for CBS was 0.873. Thus, the Indonesian version of CBS is valid and reliable in assessing sedation levels in children. Full article
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