Update on the Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Europe: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N. | Authors | Year of Study | Journal | Country | Type of Study | Population (Number of MP Positive Samples) | Diagnostic Methods for MP Identification | Main Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dumke et al. [25] | 2013 | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | Germany | Prospective study of out- and inpatients | Children and adults (n = 84) | Real-time PCR | Prevalence of MR-MP was 3.6% during an epidemic period |
2 | Dumke et al. [26] | 2015 | Emerging Infectious Diseases | Germany | Prospective study | Adults (n = 96) | Real-time PCR | Low levels of macrolide resistance (3.1%) during 2011–2012 period |
3 | Dumke et al. [27] | 2019 | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | Germany | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 166) | Real-time PCR | Low rate of MR-MP infection (3%) during the 2016–2018 period |
4 | Dumke et al. [28] | International Journal of Infectious Diseases | Germany | Case report | 15-year-old boy | Real-time PCR | Development of macrolide resistance after macrolide treatment. Presence of a mixture of wild-type and macrolide-resistant strains | |
5 | Chironna et al. [16] | 2011 | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | Italy | Prospective study of hospitalized patients | Children (n = 43) | Real-time PCR | MR-MP prevalence of 26% in children hospitalized for LRTI |
6 | Cardinale et al. [19] | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology | Italy | Prospective study of hospitalized patients | Children (n = 46) | Real-time PCR | The presence of MR-MP does not change the clinical presentation of CAP; however, children with MR-MP infection were more likely to show longer duration of fever, cough, and hospitalization |
7 | Chironna et al. [22] | 2016 | Medicine | Italy | Outbreak investigation | Children and adults (n = 8) | Real-time PCR | High transmission rates of MR-MP infection/carriage within a single family |
8 | Loconsole et al. [29] | 2019 | BioMed Research International | Italy | Retrospective study | Adults (n = 15) | Real-time PCR | 1.3% of adults with CAP had a MR-MP infection |
9 | Pereyre et al. [30] | 2012 | PLOS One | France | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 34) | Real-time PCR | MR-MP prevalence of 3.4% in the 2007–2010 endemic period |
10 | Pereyre et al. [31] | 2013 | Clinical Microbiology and Infection | France | Retrospective study in hospitalized patients | Children and adults (n = 94) | Real-time PCR, culture, serology | MR-MP prevalence of 8.3% in the 2011 epidemic period |
11 | Caballero et al. [32] | 2014 | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | Spain | Case report | 23-year-old female | Real-time PCR, culture, serology | First description of MR-MP in a Chinese 23-year-old female coming back from China 13 days before CAP onset |
12 | Rivaya et al. [33] | 2020 | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | Spain | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 138) | Real-time PCR, serology | MR-MP detected in 8% of infections in the 2013–2017 period |
13 | Ferguson et al. [34] | 2013 | Journal of Medical Microbiology | Scotland | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 32) | Real-time PCR | MR-MP prevalence of 19% in the 2010–2011 period, which was associated with a significant burden on local hospital admissions |
14 | Brown et al. [35] | 2015 | Euro Surveillance | England and Wales | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 43) | qPCR | MR-MP detected in 9.3% of collected samples |
15 | Kogoy et al. [36] | 2015 | Euro Surveillance | Slovenia | Retrospective study in out- and inpatients | Children and adults (n = 1255) | Real-time PCR, culture | Sporadic identification by MR-MP in the 2006–2014 period covering two nationwide epidemics |
16 | Kogoy et al. [37] | 2018 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Disease | Slovenia | Retrospective study in out- and inpatients | Children and adults (n = 1477) | qPCR, culture | 0.8% of MP isolated in the 2006–2016 period showed macrolide resistance |
17 | Nilsson et al. [38] | 2014 | Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases | Sweden | Prospective study | Children and adults (n = 38) | Real-time PCR | 1/38 cases developed MR mutations during macrolide treatment |
18 | Gullsby et al. [23] | 2019 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology | Sweden | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 578) | Real-time PCR | Very low prevalence (0.2%) of macrolide resistance in the 1996–2017 period |
19 | Uldum et al. [39] | 2012 | Euro Surveillance | Denmark | Data from MP national surveillance system | Children and adults (n = 140) | Real-time PCR | Low rate of MR-MP infections (1–3%) during the three waves in the 2010–2011 epidemic |
20 | Meyer Sauteur et al. [40] | 2014 | Swiss Medical Weekly | Switzerland | Prospective study in out- and inpatients | Children (n = 50) | Real-time PCR | Low level of macrolide resistance (1/50) during a 3 year period (2011–2013) |
21 | Kurkela et al. [41] | 2019 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Disease | Finland | Outbreak investigation | Children and adults (n = 535) | Real-time PCR, serology | No MR-MP infections identified in the 2017 outbreak in Kimenlaakso |
22 | Spuesens et al. [42] | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology | The Netherlands | Retrospective study | Children and adults (n = 96) | Nested-PCR | MR-MP genotypes not found in 114 MP positive samples collected during the 1997–2008 period |
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Loconsole, D.; De Robertis, A.L.; Sallustio, A.; Centrone, F.; Morcavallo, C.; Campanella, S.; Accogli, M.; Chironna, M. Update on the Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Europe: A Systematic Review. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2021, 13, 811-820. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030073
Loconsole D, De Robertis AL, Sallustio A, Centrone F, Morcavallo C, Campanella S, Accogli M, Chironna M. Update on the Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Europe: A Systematic Review. Infectious Disease Reports. 2021; 13(3):811-820. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030073
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoconsole, Daniela, Anna Lisa De Robertis, Anna Sallustio, Francesca Centrone, Caterina Morcavallo, Silvia Campanella, Marisa Accogli, and Maria Chironna. 2021. "Update on the Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Europe: A Systematic Review" Infectious Disease Reports 13, no. 3: 811-820. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030073