Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in a Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Recipient: The First Case Report

Dengue infection, a mosquito-borne infectious disease in tropical and subtropical areas, has recently become an emerging global disease. Clinical course of dengue infection may be unfavorable in immunocompromised patients. In this report, we present a 16-year-old female patient with acute myeloid leukemia and receiving allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant who was hospitalized at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, due to fever, headache, and myalgia for one day. During hospitalization, she developed capillary leakage syndrome and progressive thrombocytopenia. A diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever was made and confirmed by positive dengue serology and polymerase chain reaction testing. She made a full recovery 14 days after hospitalization. In conclusion, this is the first reported case of dengue hemorrhagic fever in a peripheral blood stem cell transplant recipient. In addition, we review all previous reports of dengue infection in organ transplant recipients.