Effects of Crosswind on Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Wear Model
3. Pantograph–Catenary Contact Force Formulation
3.1. Contact Point and Contact Frame
3.2. Contact Forces
4. Pantograph–Catenary Aerodynamic Force Formulation
5. The ANCF Catenary System Model
6. MBS Model and Equations of Motion
6.1. Railroad Vehicle and Pantograph MBS Models
6.2. Wheel–Rail Contact Kinematics
6.3. MBS Equations of Motion
7. Numerical Results and Discussion
8. Conclusions
- The total NWR caused by the contact wire vibration during the crosswind excitation: for the pantograph and catenary with the aerodynamic design, the steady crosswind load increases the NWR of the contact wire from the mechanical contribution because of the increase in the contact force between the pantograph and catenary. The contact force fluctuation increases with the increase in the crosswind velocity. The NWR of the contact wire from the electrical contribution increases nonlinearly. Therefore, the total NWR is insignificant for the low-velocity crosswind and increases significantly for the high-velocity crosswind.
- The total NWR caused by the contact wire vibration after the crosswind excitation: the results show an increase in the SD of the contact force. The NWR from the electrical contribution and the percentage of contact loss increase significantly, whereas the mean contact force and NWR of the mechanical contribution remain almost unchanged. The total NWR increases significantly for the high-velocity crosswind.
- After the excitation of the high-velocity crosswind, a significant dispersion of the pantograph–catenary interaction and contact loss of the pantograph–catenary can occur because of severe vibration. The large uplift force in the pantograph head is necessary to suppress vibration. Therefore, a higher mean contact force causes higher wear, whereas a low mean contact force can reduce the reliability of the pantograph–catenary system.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symbol | Meaning |
---|---|
Mean value of the contact force (N) | |
Nominal electrical current during tests (A) | |
Sliding speed (m/s) | |
Decimal fraction value of percentage of contact loss | |
Global position vector | |
Shape function matrix of the ANCF element | |
Transformation matrix | |
Vector of element nodal coordinates | |
Drag force vector | |
Lift force vector | |
Density | |
Drag force coefficients | |
Lift force coefficients | |
Area where the aerodynamic force is exerted | |
Cross-sectional area | |
Relative velocity vector on the frame to the wind | |
Unit vector of the drag force | |
Unit vector of the lift force | |
Jacobian matrix of the position field: rigid body , ANCF body | |
Matrix that relates the angular velocity vector | |
Skew symmetric matrix associated with the vector | |
Location of the point with respect to the coordinate system of the body | |
Modulus of elasticity | |
Second moment of inertia | |
Geometrically exact curvature from the Serret–Frenet formulas | |
Axial normal strain | |
Two tangent vectors to the surface | |
Normal vector to the surface | |
Vector of generalized coordinates | |
Vector of nongeneralized coordinates or surface parameters | |
Vector of Lagrange multipliers | |
Mass matrix | |
Jacobian constraint matrices | |
External forces | |
Quadratic velocity vector [7] |
Mean Contact Force (N) | SD (N) | MNWR (mm3/km) | ENWR (mm3/km) | TNWR (mm3/km) | Percentage of Contact Loss | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without wind | 79.0544 | 25.5508 | 2.5514 | 2.4552 | 5.0067 | 0 |
Steady wind (10 m/s) | 80.9416 | 23.8995 | 2.6307 | 2.3721 | 5.0028 | 0 |
Steady wind (20 m/s) | 85.3727 | 25.8908 | 2.9396 | 2.4647 | 5.4044 | 0.08 |
Steady wind (30 m/s) | 92.1626 | 28.9224 | 3.9078 | 2.4055 | 6.3133 | 0 |
Mean Contact Force(N) | SD (N) | MNWR (mm3/km) | ENWR (mm3/km) | TNWR (mm3/km) | Percentage of Contact Loss | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without wind | 118.2223 | 22.2572 | 6.7288 | 2.1616 | 8.8904 | 0 |
Steady wind (10 m/s) | 120.1296 | 21.1782 | 6.9961 | 2.1594 | 9.1555 | 0 |
Steady wind (20 m/s) | 124.0970 | 20.8028 | 7.6066 | 2.1596 | 9.7662 | 0 |
Steady wind (30 m/s) | 130.9205 | 24.6741 | 8.9854 | 2.1626 | 11.1480 | 0 |
Mean Contact Force (N) | SD (N) | MNWR (mm3/km) | ENWR (mm3/km) | TNWR (mm3/km) | Percentage of Contact Loss | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without wind | 79.0544 | 25.5508 | 2.5514 | 2.4552 | 5.0067 | 0 |
Steady wind (10 m/s) | 79.3732 | 25.5514 | 2.5531 | 2.5580 | 5.1111 | 0 |
Steady wind (20 m/s) | 79.6138 | 27.1695 | 2.6672 | 2.5930 | 5.2602 | 0.09 |
Steady wind (30 m/s) | 80.0312 | 29.2231 | 2.7840 | 2.9855 | 5.7695 | 0.65 |
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Daocharoenporn, S.; Mongkolwongrojn, M. Effects of Crosswind on Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms. World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090250
Daocharoenporn S, Mongkolwongrojn M. Effects of Crosswind on Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2023; 14(9):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090250
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaocharoenporn, Siripong, and Mongkol Mongkolwongrojn. 2023. "Effects of Crosswind on Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms" World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 9: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090250
APA StyleDaocharoenporn, S., & Mongkolwongrojn, M. (2023). Effects of Crosswind on Pantograph–Catenary Wear Using Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamic Algorithms. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 14(9), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14090250