A Review of Position Sensorless Compound Control for PMSM Drives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Compound Control Based on High-Frequency Injection Method
- High-frequency rotating injection method:
- 2.
- High-frequency pulsating injection method:
2.1. HF Compounded with Model Reference Adaptive Method
2.2. HF Compounded with Sliding Mode Observer
2.3. HF Compounded with BEMF Integration Method or Flux Estimation
3. Compound Control Algorithm Based on I/F Control
3.1. I/F Compounded with Sliding Mode Observer
3.2. I/F Compounded with Flux Obsever
4. Switching Methods
4.1. Weighting Factor Method
4.2. Smooth Switching Method
4.3. Hysteresis Loop Switching Method
5. Conclusions
- The high-frequency signal injection method has many advantages, but there are also problems of long convergence time, poor dynamic performance and small stability range. For compound control, the advantages of the high-frequency signal injection method inherit many disadvantages, which can have more or less impact on the estimation accuracy and other aspects in the compound control process. Therefore more advanced high-frequency signal injection methods should be studied to improve the reliability of the dynamic range of motor compound control estimation.
- I/F control is simple in structure, easy to implement, and has the advantages of smooth start-up and no current overcharge. It is the current start-up strategy for most position sensor-free control at medium and high speeds. However, the basic I/f control strategy is an open-loop scheme with disadvantages, such as the current amplitude and frequency cannot be automatically adjusted, and there is a tendency to lose steps, and the speed is easily disturbed, so its improvement will largely improve the performance of the compound control.
- There is a wide variety of control strategies for position sensorless control at high speeds, each with its own advantages, but also some shortcomings. So, the improvement of such algorithms will greatly improve the performance of the current compound control.
- Switching algorithms play a pivotal role in compound control. In the current research field of compound control, whether based on HF control or I/F control, switching strategies are required. Most of the switching algorithms commonly used today have the advantages of, for example, simpler methods and relatively stable algorithm switching, but their switching smoothness is not ideal, which means that the existing switching algorithms should be improved to achieve smoother and more stable switching, or smoother and more stable switching algorithms should be developed to meet the current high demand for motor position estimation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Algorithms | Reference | Description |
---|---|---|
high frequency (HF) injection | [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] | The HF injection method is not reliant on the spatial protrusion of the tracking rotor rather than the mathematical equation of the motor, which addresses the sensitivity to the change in motor parameters and leads to a strong robustness. Yet the filter is needed, which has the defects of low signal-to-noise ratio and large phase lag in signal processing. |
including direct calculation | [24,25,26,27] | This method does not depend on the speed of the motor, but it needs to increase the integral circuit and increase the hardware complexity and may bring additional integral error. |
back-electromotive force (EMF) | [28,29,30] | The realization is simple, but the back EMF signal is small when the motor is low speed or static. The back EMF needs to be filtered, which will cause phase shift of the signal. |
flux estimation | [31,32] | The rotor flux of the motor cannot be detected directly. It is necessary to measure the phase voltage and current of the motor, and to establish the function equation, which is directly related to the rotor flux without relying on the rotor speed. The calculation is large. |
model reference adaptation system (MRAS) | [33,34,35,36,37,38] | The position observation is based on the accuracy of the reference model, and the accuracy of the parameters of the reference model itself directly affect the effectiveness of the identification. |
sliding mode observer (SMO) | [39,40,41,42] | It can solve the problem that the motor is difficult to control at high speed and heavy load, and has strong robustness, but it needs a large amount of operation. |
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Li, Y.; Hu, H.; Shi, P. A Review of Position Sensorless Compound Control for PMSM Drives. World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020034
Li Y, Hu H, Shi P. A Review of Position Sensorless Compound Control for PMSM Drives. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2023; 14(2):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020034
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yong, Han Hu, and Peicheng Shi. 2023. "A Review of Position Sensorless Compound Control for PMSM Drives" World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 2: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020034