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Article

Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances the Antidiabetic Activity of Passiflora ligularis Leaf Extract

by
Sandra M. Echeverry
1,
Diana P. Rey
1,
Ivonne H. Valderrama
1,
Ingrid A. Rodriguez
1,
Paula M. Sepúlveda
1,
Bibiana Verlindo de Araujo
2,
Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
3 and
Diana Marcela Aragón
1,*
1
Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
2
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil
3
Instituto de Bioeletricidade Celular (IBIOCEL), Ciência & Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Sala G 301, Florianópolis 88038-000, SC, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(6), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060730
Submission received: 5 May 2025 / Revised: 26 May 2025 / Accepted: 27 May 2025 / Published: 31 May 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives:Previous studies have shown that unformulated extracts of Passiflora ligularis leaves exhibit promising antidiabetic activity. This research aimed to demonstrate that formulating the extract into a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (PLE-SEDDS) enhanced its antidiabetic activity in a high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Methods: Blood glucose levels (BGLs) of diabetic mice were monitored during 21 days of oral administration of P. ligularis extract (PLE) and PLE-SEDDS. Control groups included metformin (positive control), vehicle, and SEDDS vehicle (negative controls). The animals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The oxidative stress markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation quantified by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the kidney, liver, and pancreas, complemented with histopathological analysis. Additionally, plasma lipid profile parameters were evaluated. Results: The PLE-SEDDS formulation demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the PLE extract in improving antidiabetic outcomes. Animals treated with PLE-SEDDS exhibited a minimal increase in blood glucose levels (11.5%) during the OGTT, compared to 27.4% with PLE and over 77% in the vehicle groups. PLE-SEDDS also showed greater enhancement of SOD and CAT activity, along with a more pronounced reduction in MDA levels, indicating stronger protection against oxidative stress. Histological analysis revealed significant preservation of pancreatic islets, and lipid profile analysis showed greater reductions in triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-C, alongside increased HDL-C levels. Conclusions: Altogether, these findings suggest that PLE-SEDDS exhibits superior antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects compared to the unformulated extract, making this novel formulation a promising option for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Passiflora; diabetes; flavonoids-O-glucoside; oxidative stress; superoxide dismutase; catalase; malondialdehyde; hypolipidemic Passiflora; diabetes; flavonoids-O-glucoside; oxidative stress; superoxide dismutase; catalase; malondialdehyde; hypolipidemic

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MDPI and ACS Style

Echeverry, S.M.; Rey, D.P.; Valderrama, I.H.; Rodriguez, I.A.; Sepúlveda, P.M.; Araujo, B.V.d.; Silva, F.R.M.B.; Aragón, D.M. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances the Antidiabetic Activity of Passiflora ligularis Leaf Extract. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060730

AMA Style

Echeverry SM, Rey DP, Valderrama IH, Rodriguez IA, Sepúlveda PM, Araujo BVd, Silva FRMB, Aragón DM. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances the Antidiabetic Activity of Passiflora ligularis Leaf Extract. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(6):730. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060730

Chicago/Turabian Style

Echeverry, Sandra M., Diana P. Rey, Ivonne H. Valderrama, Ingrid A. Rodriguez, Paula M. Sepúlveda, Bibiana Verlindo de Araujo, Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva, and Diana Marcela Aragón. 2025. "Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances the Antidiabetic Activity of Passiflora ligularis Leaf Extract" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 6: 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060730

APA Style

Echeverry, S. M., Rey, D. P., Valderrama, I. H., Rodriguez, I. A., Sepúlveda, P. M., Araujo, B. V. d., Silva, F. R. M. B., & Aragón, D. M. (2025). Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System Enhances the Antidiabetic Activity of Passiflora ligularis Leaf Extract. Pharmaceutics, 17(6), 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060730

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