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Article

Stability Studies of Clonazepam 2.5 mg/mL Oral Solution and 1 mg/mL Parenteral Solution in Pre-Filled Polypropylene Syringes

by
Juan Carlos Ruiz Ramirez
1,2,3,*,
Icram Talsi Hamdani
1,
Laura Bermúdez Gazquez
1,
Alice Charlotte Viney
2 and
José M. Alonso Herreros
1,2
1
Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain
2
Pharmacy Service, Los Arcos del Mar Menor General University Hospital, Murcian Health Service, 30739 Murcia, Spain
3
Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla—IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(10), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17101302
Submission received: 20 August 2025 / Revised: 21 September 2025 / Accepted: 29 September 2025 / Published: 7 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Pharmacy and Formulation)

Abstract

Background: Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine drug indicated in all clinical forms of epileptic seizures, various forms of myoclonic seizures, myoclonus and other abnormal movements. At present, it is classified as a hazardous drug requiring special precautions for personnel at reproductive risk, according to a technical document produced by the Spanish National Institute for Safety and Health at Work (INSST), in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH). The commercial solutions of clonazepam, for oral and parenteral administration, are supplied by laboratories in glass containers. Repacking in pre-filled polypropylene (PP) syringes, made in the pharmacy service, and in aseptic conditions, may facilitate its administration and reduce the risks to the health or safety of nursing personnel. Nevertheless, there is a lack of stability studies of clonazepam in pre-filled PP syringes. Objectives: To evaluate the physicochemical stability of commercial clonazepam 2.5 mg/mL oral solution and 1 mg/mL parenteral solution repackaged in pre-filled PP syringes under various storage conditions. Methods: A rapid, linear, precise and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for chemical stability studies of Clonazepam 1 mg/mL (parenteral use) and 2.5 mg/mL (oral use) in solution was implemented after repackaging in pre-filled PP syringes. The studies were conducted by measuring concentrations of oral and parenteral clonazepam in pre-filled syringes, at various time points, over 30 days in several different storage conditions: oral clonazepam protected from light in refrigerator and at controlled room temperature exposed to ambient light; parenteral clonazepam protected from light in a refrigerator and at controlled room temperature protected or unprotected from light. Visual aspects and pH change as well as crystal formation were checked to determine physical stability. Results: The degradation of the active ingredient in all groups was less than 10% after 30 days. No evidence of crystal formation, pH and visual aspect changes were observed. Conclusions: Clonazepam 1 mg/mL parenteral solution and 2.5 mg/mL oral solution in pre-filled PP syringes are stable for up to 30 days in the tested conditions. The centralized repackaging of clonazepam in pre-filled PP syringes, connected to a closed safety system, in the pharmacy service, reduces drug manipulation by nursing staff decreasing the risk of occupational exposure.
Keywords: clonazepam; stability study; pre-filled syringes; validation; HPLC clonazepam; stability study; pre-filled syringes; validation; HPLC

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ruiz Ramirez, J.C.; Talsi Hamdani, I.; Bermúdez Gazquez, L.; Viney, A.C.; Alonso Herreros, J.M. Stability Studies of Clonazepam 2.5 mg/mL Oral Solution and 1 mg/mL Parenteral Solution in Pre-Filled Polypropylene Syringes. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17101302

AMA Style

Ruiz Ramirez JC, Talsi Hamdani I, Bermúdez Gazquez L, Viney AC, Alonso Herreros JM. Stability Studies of Clonazepam 2.5 mg/mL Oral Solution and 1 mg/mL Parenteral Solution in Pre-Filled Polypropylene Syringes. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(10):1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17101302

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruiz Ramirez, Juan Carlos, Icram Talsi Hamdani, Laura Bermúdez Gazquez, Alice Charlotte Viney, and José M. Alonso Herreros. 2025. "Stability Studies of Clonazepam 2.5 mg/mL Oral Solution and 1 mg/mL Parenteral Solution in Pre-Filled Polypropylene Syringes" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 10: 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17101302

APA Style

Ruiz Ramirez, J. C., Talsi Hamdani, I., Bermúdez Gazquez, L., Viney, A. C., & Alonso Herreros, J. M. (2025). Stability Studies of Clonazepam 2.5 mg/mL Oral Solution and 1 mg/mL Parenteral Solution in Pre-Filled Polypropylene Syringes. Pharmaceutics, 17(10), 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17101302

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