Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue

Robbins, Brooke T.; Montreuil, Kate A.; Kundu, Neloy; Kumar, Prashant; Agrahari, Vibhuti

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16111424

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue

by

Brooke T. Robbins

^1,†,

Kate A. Montreuil

^1,†,

Neloy Kundu

²

,

Prashant Kumar

³ and

Vibhuti Agrahari

^1,*

¹

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA

²

Graduate College, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA

³

Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(11), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111424

Submission received: 19 September 2024 / Revised: 30 October 2024 / Accepted: 1 November 2024 / Published: 7 November 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends and Translational Challenges in Drug and Vaccine Delivery, 2nd Edition)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles within the nanosized range that play roles in intercellular communication and thus have certain biological activities. The secretory signaling communication mechanism is an efficient way of exchanging information between cells and has been investigated as nature’s therapeutic drug carriers. This review will summarize the potential of exosomes as therapeutic tools and drug delivery vehicles for corneal pathologies. The cornea is an avascular ocular tissue, and its healing is a complex process including cell death and migration, cell proliferation and differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Here, we discussed the structure, barrier, phases, and healing cascade of cornea. We briefly reviewed the immunogenicity and toxicity of exosomes and role of exosomes in preserving cornea. Additionally, we provided combining exosome strategies with hydrogels, gene and stem cells therapy focused on corneal treatment, repair, and regeneration.

Keywords: corneal healing cascade; hydrogels; immunogenicity; regeneration; restoration; stem cells

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Robbins, B.T.; Montreuil, K.A.; Kundu, N.; Kumar, P.; Agrahari, V. Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111424

AMA Style

Robbins BT, Montreuil KA, Kundu N, Kumar P, Agrahari V. Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(11):1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111424

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robbins, Brooke T., Kate A. Montreuil, Neloy Kundu, Prashant Kumar, and Vibhuti Agrahari. 2024. "Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 11: 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111424

APA Style

Robbins, B. T., Montreuil, K. A., Kundu, N., Kumar, P., & Agrahari, V. (2024). Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue. Pharmaceutics, 16(11), 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111424

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Corneal Treatment, Repair, and Regeneration: Exosomes at Rescue

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI