Topical Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles Improve Antioxidant Activity of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Preparation and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles
2.3. Deformability Index Evaluation
2.4. Entrapment Efficacy and Drug Loading Capability of Unsaturated Fatty acid Vesicles
2.5. In Vitro Release Evaluation
2.6. In Vitro Percutaneous Permeation of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Loaded Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles
2.7. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) Analysis
2.8. Cell Culture
2.9. In Vitro Evaluation of Protective Effect Induced by Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Loaded Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles: MTT and LDH Assay
2.10. Skin Tolerability Evaluation of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles on Human Volunteers
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Loaded and Blank Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles
3.2. In Vitro Release Profile and Percutaneous Permeation Profile of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Loaded Unsaturated Fatty Acid
3.3. In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate-Loaded Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles on NCTC 2544 Cells
3.4. In Vivo Skin Tolerability Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scheme | Lipid Composition a | AG b (mg/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Oleic Acid | Linoleic Acid | PL90G | ||
Blank Formulation A | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | - |
Blank Formulation B | 1 | 1 | - | - |
AG-Formulation A | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 3 |
AG-Formulation B | 1 | 1 | - | 3 |
Sample | Mean Size (nm) | PdI 1 | Surface Charge (mV) | DI 2 | EE (%) 3 | DL (%) 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blank Formulation A | 189 ± 2 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | −44 ± 1 | 9.71 ± 0.87 | - | - |
Blank Formulation B | 284 ± 2 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | −42 ± 2 | 12.73 ± 1.01 | - | - |
AG 5-Formulation A | 146 ± 1 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | −50 ± 1 | 9.55 ± 0.59 | 80.92 ± 1.03 | 36.43 ± 0.45 |
AG-Formulation B | 153 ± 3 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | −45 ± 1 | 10.02 ± 1.00 | 84.98 ± 1.2 | 38.08 ± 0.60 |
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Cristiano, M.C.; Mancuso, A.; Fresta, M.; Torella, D.; De Gaetano, F.; Ventura, C.A.; Paolino, D. Topical Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles Improve Antioxidant Activity of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040548
Cristiano MC, Mancuso A, Fresta M, Torella D, De Gaetano F, Ventura CA, Paolino D. Topical Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles Improve Antioxidant Activity of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(4):548. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040548
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano, Maria Chiara, Antonia Mancuso, Massimo Fresta, Daniele Torella, Federica De Gaetano, Cinzia Anna Ventura, and Donatella Paolino. 2021. "Topical Unsaturated Fatty Acid Vesicles Improve Antioxidant Activity of Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4: 548. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040548